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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
Birthdays on May 20…
Millard C.(. ? Goodlove
Julia A. Adams Turley
Daniel Dawson
Sheyndl Goldberg Gutfrajnd
Clarence J. Hamilton
Percie F. Jones
Lynn A. LeClere
Esther LeFevre SCHAEFER
William C. Nix
Dolley Payne Madison
Cressie E. Slater Mckee
Williiam Tucker
Kate Waits Moreland
May 20, 200 A.D.: Christmas was not among the earliest festivals of the Church. Irenaeus and Tertullian omit it from their lists of feasts; Origen, glancing perhaps at the discreditable imperial Natalitia, asserts (in Lev. Hom. viii in Migne, P.G., XII, 495) that in the Scriptures sinners alone, not saints, celebrate their birthday; Arnobius (VII, 32 in P.L., V, 1264) can still ridicule the "birthdays" of the gods.
Alexandria
The first evidence of the feast is from Egypt. About A.D. 200, Clement of Alexandria (Stromata I.21) says that certain Egyptian theologians "over curiously" assign, not the year alone, but the day of Christ's birth, placing it on 25 Pachon (20 May) in the twenty-eighth year of Augustus. [Ideler (Chron., II, 397, n.) thought they did this believing that the ninth month, in which Christ was born, was the ninth of their own calendar.] Others reached the date of 24 or 25 Pharmuthi (19 or 20 April).[1]
203 SEPPHORIS (TZIPORI) (Eretz Israel)
Judah HaNasi moved the seat of learning from Beth Shearim to Seppohris, mainly for health reasons. [2]
205 HIPPOLYTUS OF ROME http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/images/camera.gif
Wrote Contra Judaeous, which blamed the harsh conditions of the Jews on their rejection of Jesus. [3]
May 20, 325 CE Council of Nicea: To complete his grand plan of unification, Constantine convened a conference in ancient Nicea, now the Turkish town of Iznik, to settle the matter. What came to be known as the Council of Nicea drew around 250 bishops, mostly from the eastern provinces. With Constantine presiding, Christianity was consecrated as the official religion of the Roman Empire.[4] Among delegates who attended the Council of Nicea (A.D. 325) were several from Britain.[5]
• Official Doctrine
•
• We believe in one God,
• The Father Almighty,
• Maker of all things, visible and invisible,
• And in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
• The Son of God,
• The only –begotten of the Father,
• That is, of the substance (ousia) of the Father,
• God from God,
• Light from light,
• True God from true God,
• Begotten not made,
• On one substance (homoousion) with the Father,
• Through whom all things were made,
• Those things that are in heaven and
• Those things that are one earth,
• Who for us men and for our salvation
• Came down and was made man,
• Suffered,
• Rose again on the third day, ascended into the heavens and will come to judge the living and the dead And we believe in the Holy Spirit.
This differ’s form the doctrinal manifesto usually known as the Nicene Creed, which was actually composed at the Council of Constantinople.[6]
325 CE: Most fateful for Jews, the council dramatically inflated the significance of the crucifixion and reinforced Christian claims for Jesus as the Son of God. The new orthodoxy proved catastrophic for Jews. Although Judaism was not declared a “prohibited sect,” fervent Jews came to be seen as backward and superstitious and were occasionally targeted for their perceived role in Jesus’ killing. The Hebrew Bible was rechristened the “Old Testament.” Subsequent councils forbade Christians from celebrating Passover, although many ignored the edict at first. The alternative Christian celebration of Jesus’ resurrection was later named Easter after the Teutonic pagan goddess of the rising light of day and the spring. Christians were banned from observing the Jewish Sabbath, as Sunday became the Christian day of prayer. [7]
325 CE: First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea. The Christian Church separates the calculation of the date of Easter from the Jewish Passover: “It was…declared improper to follow the custom of the Jews in the celebration of this holy festival, because, their hands having been stained with crime, the minds of these wretched men are necessarily blinded...Let us, then, have nothing in common with the Jews, who are our adversaries…avoiding all contact with that evil way….who, after having compassed the death of the Lord, being out of their minds, are guided not by sound reason, but by an unrestrained passion, wherever their innate madness carries them…. A people so utterly depraved. … Therefore, this irregularity must be corrected, in order that we may no more have anything in common with those parricides and the murderers of our Lord. …no single point in common with the perjury of the Jews.[8]
326: Constantine’s wife Fausta, questions the integrity of his son Crispis. Crispis was Constantines eldest son from an earlier marriage. There was a rivalry with Crispis and his half brothers of Fausta and Constantine. Fausta brings shocking news that Crispis has tried to seduce her. Imprisoned in Pola, modern day Croatia, Crispis is killed even though Helena convinces Constantine that it is a hoax. Fausta is also killed. [9]
May 20, 526: An earthquake, with an epicenter in Syria that reportedly killed 300,000 people, is felt throughout much of the Near East including at least two towns now located in the modern state of Israel – Acre and Beit Jann.[10]
May 20, 1092: During the reign of St. Ladislaus the Synod of Szabolcs decreed that Jews in Hungary should not be permitted to have Christian wives or to keep Christian slaves. This decree had been promulgated in the Christian countries of Europe since the fifth century, and St. Ladislaus merely introduced it into Hungary.[11]
1093: End of rule of Malcolm III of Scotland – dies during invasion of England – brother Donald Bane rules, Hugh le Gros founds Benedictine monastery in Chester, End of Malcolm Canmore as King of Scots dies in battle with English, Donald Bane rules to 1097, Malcolm III captured and killed at Alnwick, Malcolm III succeeded by brother Donald II (Donald Bane), End of rule of Malcolm III of Scotland. [12]
May 20, 1096: Every Jew that was captured was put to death. As at Speir the bishop intervened and opened his palace to Jewish refugees. ‘But Emich and the angry crowds with him forced the gates and broke into the sanctuary. There, despite the bishop’s protests, they slaughtered all his guests, to the number of about five hundred. The massacre at Worms took place on May 20.[13]
FirstCrusade
+are+being+massacred+by+Crusaders.jpg)
Jews (identifiable by Judenhut) are being massacred by Crusaders. 1250 French Bible illustration. [14]
1095-1272
During the first 700 years of Christendom Jewish communities in Europe are rarely placed in direct physical danger. But the situation changes when, in 1095, Pope Urbanus calls for a crusade to liberate Jerusalem from the hands of the Muslims.[15] (At certain periods of the years 1096 until 1272, A.D.) The word crusade means, ‘take the cross’ hence the Christian art work on most of the coat-of-arms dating back to that period.[16] About 1100 to 1300 during the High Middle Ages, the fanaticism of the Catholic Church reach its highest levels with intense persecution of Jews, and tens of thousands were slaughtered by Crusaders and others. During the Crusades, which began about 1100 CE and lasted for nearly 200 years, Jews were killed during the beginning of each Crusade, being blamed that the Holy Land was not in Christian hands; The Crusades rampaged through the Rhine and Danube River regions, massacring Jews because “why should we attack the (Muslim) unbelievers in the Holy Land and leave infidels in our midst undisturbed?” [17]
During the Crusades (1095-1272), Jews began to flee from areas covered by present day Spain, France, and Germany to Bavaria, Austria, Bohemia/Moravia, and northern Italy, and later to present-day Poland.
The Crusades of the 11th and 12 Centuries brought terror and destruction to numerous Jewish communities in the Rhineland of France, in Germany and even England, as this rabble marched to “purify the Holy Land” of the infidels-Moslems and Jews.
Forced conversions, blood libels, segregation and discrimination, impoverishment and expulsion was the common fate of Ashkenazi Jewry, as individuals and entire communities.[18]
Jews move from Germany to Russia, 1096-1192.[19]
08-7[20]
With the crusades, the status of the Jews as second class citizens becomes entrenched in Church dogma and state laws throughout Christian Europe. A period of oppression and insecurity follows that ends only in the 18th century.[21]
May 20, 1536: – Henry VIII marries to Jane Seymour. [22] King Henry VIII was betrothed to Jane on May 20, 1536, just one day after Anne Boleyn's execution.[23]
May 20, 1568: Instructions to Lord Fleming. [24]
From Carlisle, the SOtli May, 1568.
instructions to my lord FLEMING FOR HIS NEGOTIATIONS
WITH HIS MOST CHRISTIAN MAJESTY IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE
QUEEN OF SCOTLAND, DOWAGER OF FRANCE.
First, — Inform his majesty that, since the departure of Monsieur de Beaumont, knight of his order* [25] (who was despatched to Carlisle in England on the 19th of this present month of May), where the said queen had been obliged to fly for the safety of her life, as he will have more fully narrated to his majesty, the said lady has received letters and advice from the Queen of England, who writes to her, to the effect
that she had sent to France to demand from the king assistance and supplies of men and ammunition, to aid in restoring and replacing her in the position and crown to which it had pleased God to call her. Of which assistance she could not in anywise be satisfied, and, although she might not disapprove of it, those of her council never would be content with it, alleging that it would be more detrimental to the one
than beneficial to the other ; but, although she advised her to adopt another course, which is, to make use of none other than her, and she would provide her with men, money, artillery, and other necessaries, in case that the Earl of Murray, and others of his party, would not, at her request, agree to submit and come to such terms as might seem good to the said Queen of Scotland.
The said queen, seeing herself reduced to the necessity and affliction of which all are aware, and being in the kingdom of the said Queen of England (where she has been well enough and honourably treated, but nevertheless as a prisoner, since her entry therein), she is constrained to content herself, and accept of this offer for the present, and to reserve for another time the king and her friends in France : and she requests his majesty will be pleased to weigh the whole well, and the other necessary points, which the said Lord Fleming may fully declare and lay before him.
Therefore, she at present sends to the said queen the
Lords Herries and Fleming, two of her well-beloved and
faithful subjects, to treat of and conclude this matter, and
thereafter the said Lord Fleming will go to France, to inform
the said king of the success and issue of it.
Following this resolution, if needs be, to explain to the
said most Christian king, that, in the position in which the
said queen is placed, she cannot and ought not to have re-
course to any other than his majesty for support and assist-
ance, very humbly entreating him, on her behalf, to lend her
for this purpose two thousand infantry, and money to main-
tain five hundred light horsemen, with as much artillery and
other ammunition as may be requisite for the recovery of her
strongholds, which the said Lord Murray and his party have
seized, and still occupy and keep possession of, whereof a
memorandum will be made, to be delivered by the said Lord
Fleming. With these forces will unite nearly all the nobility
of the kingdom and subjects of the said queen, the majority
of whom have to this day so well and valiantly done their
duty, as behoves good and faithful subjects to their sovereign,
that they merit all praise and great reward. They continue
willingly to act in the same manner, whenever an opportunity
presents itself.
If the said lady does not obtain the support of the Queen,
of England, as she has been promised by her, and if she is
permitted to go abroad, she will wait respectfully upon the
said king, and lay her complaints before him as underwritten.
To the same effect, that he will please to order payment of
her pension which is due to her for the last three years,
making him aware of the straits in which she is placed. And,
in the meanwhile, that it will be very proper and necessary
to send a present supply of victuals and ammunition to the
castle and town of Dumbarton.
Nevertheless, that the king will be pleased to write to the
Queen of England, and thank her for the good treatment which the said Queen of Scots has received in her kingdom, and for her other courtesies towards her. That he will please also to send his order to two or three of the nobility in Scotland whom the queen shall name, and whom she knows to have best deserved it, to reward them for the duty which they have done, and to increase their desire to continue to do
so when occasion offers.
Give a hint to the said king of the trinkets and jewels belonging to her majesty, which she has been apprised have been sent out of the kingdom by the rebels for sale. And that, if he can discover any to be in France, the king will order them to be seized, and in the meanwhile forbid every one, whoever they may be, to purchase, meddle, or intromit
with them in any manner.
Besides, inform his majesty that those of his guard and other Scotsmen in France exert themselves to their utmost, in enquiring and learning, by artful means, what has been done and agreed upon in all that relates to the said queen, and give regular information to her majesty's enemies; of which the said king may satisfy himself, if he pleases to cause them to be examined, under the advice of the Bishop of Glasgow.
And to put a stop to that, her majesty anxiously entreats the king to order such disturbers of the peace to be arrested, and for the future to permit no one who comes to France, by sea or land, to enter, unless they have a passport, either from the said queen, or her lieutenants ; and also, that he will receive no Scotsman into his guard, except such as shall have testimonials and certificates from the said queen, of their fidelity and good will to the service of the said king and the said lady.
Do not forget, by the way, to make known to the king the harsh treatment which Monsieur de Beaumont met with from the Scottish rebels, as he came from Hamilton to Dumfries to meet the queen ; and how, in order to escape from their hands, he was compelled to give them money.
Inform his majesty of the good understanding which subsists between the enemies of the said queen and those who are rebels to his majesty, and that the one party does nothing without giving the other notice of it.
The aforesaid Lord Fleming will, moreover, do and say to his majesty all that he shall see and think proper, on all subjects, for the welfare and affairs of the said queen.
Given at Carlisle, this penultimate day of May, in the year one thousand five hundred and sixty-eight.
Marie R. [26]
May 20, 1570 - Egidius Coppens publishes Abraham Ortelius' "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum"[27]
May 20, 1580: To THE Archbishop of Glasgow. [28]
From the Manor of Sheffield, the 20th May [1580].
My Lord of Glasgow, — to relieve you from the anxiety in Tvhich I am sure that you have been thrown by the apprehension of Jailheur, I shall in the first place assure you that he has delivered to me safely your two last of the 27th February and 26th March, having fortunately escaped from the hands of Walsingham, by favour of his master,*[29] who nevertheless has prohibited him this house eight or ten days after his
arrival here, resolved lienceforward not to be served in France by him or his companions, but to employ there some others more competent and capable. I shall endeavour, if I can, that it shall be some one at my command ; so that, by the general order which I shall give him, according to your advice, for the conveyance of my ordinary wants, I may also from him obtain service in my more important and secret
matters.
I have privately heard of the negotiation of Devray, tending only, by the solicitation which he makes for the marriage, to lay the blame of the rupture upon those here, among whom nevertheless several of the greatest, wisest, and best informed are persuaded to the contrary. I do not know if it is by the extreme desire which they have for it, or to maintain constantly, by this conduct, their credit with their mis-
tress, in the same manner as those of the other faction work on all sides to make the marriage drum be sounded in France, Leicester having sold a considerable part of his property, and all the Puritans of his faction having voluntarily assessed themselves to provide means for and the Prince of Orange executing that which they have together designed and concluded. And by the same I am informed that the levy made
in Germany by the Duke Casimir is at the instigation and cost of this particular faction, confederated for the ruin of all the Catholic princes, who labour in vain to cling to their subjects, if in the first place they do not deprive them of the foreign assistance and support which has enabled them so long to subsist.
The negotiation of the marriage of the Princess of Lorraine with the Duke had got wind here long before the receipt of your last. Whereon calling to mind in what manner M. d'Alençon*[30] had proceeded with me, I must direct you to tell M. de Guise freely that he ought rather to resolve to me the intention of the said M. d'Alençon, so as to employ
the time which I have lost in some other way, w^ith more effect and not less show ; and to recover it, without leaving me to be led farther by any vain expectation from that quarter, I beseech you to prosecute, as urgently as you can, the conclusion of the overture made by you to the Spanish ambassador, of which I assure you that I have made no other one
a participant but you only, so far from my Lord of Ross or any other having had instructions from me to speak of it ; and if they have done so, I disavow them in it. What otherwise you have heard of it proceeds rather from the common conversation of the country and from suspicion, than from any particular information of what has been done in the matter.
Now, to advance this negotiation more expeditiously, you will propose to the said ambassador the removal of my son to Flanders or Spain, according as shall be agreeable to the king his master ; and thereon, promising to effect it, as I think I shall be able to do, you will demand to be quickly informed of the intention of the said king of Spain, to act therein with all the diligence in your power. Even from this moment I desire that you will enter upon a negotiation to this effect with those of my party in Scotland, and urge them in my name to remove my son out of the country, either to France or Spain, for there is no place in Christendom where he will not be better for his own safety and mine than in the hands of this wicked Morton, who will be no less prodigal of his life than of that of his late father, if he cannot assure himself by any other means.
Besides this, the Puritans here, upon whom this traitor depends, do not, as by their league with the Hamiltons they have made it apparent, desire less the ruin of the son than that of the mother, to promote the unjust pretensions of Pluntingdon, endeavouring daily to persuade this queen to remove my said son here. And, both for this reason and
others not less important, I have lately written to the said queen and those of her council for my deliverance from this captivity ; which, by reason of the last change in this kingdom, on which depends at present that of Scotland, I find, contrary to the opinion of my best friends here, much more necessary now than before, both for the preservation and safety of my son's person and mine, and the maintenance of our right in the succession of this crown. I shall omit no
possible means, nor refuse any just condition, to arrive thereat,
and, in case that I cannot by this mode of agreement, I shall
expose myself to the risk of such other invention as may present
itself; but in the meanwhile, if things do not succeed, it is of much importance to me that my son should be out of the power of those here ; among whom I can say that I have comported myself as circumspectly as I could, whatever offence 1 have received from the faction which all along has been my enemy for the religion and the crown to which they
pretend, so that there remains for me with them no room for conference or reconciliation in future, and the more that I forbear with them, they take the more impudent license in doing me evil.
Since the gentlemen my relations find that they cannot send to visit my son without giving him the title of king. although they might have done so since the arrival of M. d'Aubigny in Scotland, I beseech them at least, and especially M. de Guise, to testify to him and inform him of their good will by the said M. d'Aubigny, to keep always the one and
the other devoted to me.
I have seen, within these four days, a particular narrative of the whole present state of affairs in Scotland, with a list of the lords of each party, by which I judge that of Aubigny is much the strongest, if this queen does not interfere in it, as she already has begun by her ambassador Bowes,*[31] whom she has lately sent to my son in favour of Morton and the Hamiltons. I cannot believe that my cousin of Arbroath is a party to this correspondence ; but, at all events, I think it
safer to discover his real intention before you deliver to him entirely what you may receive from the Spanish ambassador.
I see no foundation in all which Balfour has written to me till the present hour, and I am less able to trust him much, after having been so unfortunately betrayed by him ; hower, it will be very proper to keep him in humour, if an opportunity occurs for his service, as it may happen. Inform him from me that, for want of a cipher with him, I have not written to him, but that the testimony of his good will, by the information which he has given to me, has been very acceptable to me, now that my necessity, as you have already told him, and the risk to which I should expose «myself, in the condition in which I am, do not permit me to attempt any enterprise of great moment, especially in Scotland, if my subjects of themselves do not begin to set forward matters there in some better condition, so as to give me an oppor-
tunity of interposing in them with the prospect of some good result ; and, therefore, that he should labour with his connexions to prepare things for what he has proposed to me, the principal foundation depending on the ruin of Morton. I highly approve of Robert Melvil's advice regarding the Earl of Crawford ; but, besides that Lord Lindsay,*[32] his tutor, holds against me what belongs to the said earl, I think that he has no need of any pension, since he enjoys his own
property.
The too great negligence of the King of France appears to give audacity to those here to attack him in his own kingdom, in suffering his ancient allies and confederates to receive the law from them, without his daring even to open his mouth. Endeavour your utmost to discover his intention regarding the obstacles which you have received^ in your
character of ambassador, so that, according to the answer which you receive, I shall know how to write to him regard- ing it. If upon that which you have requested the Florentine ambassador to make known in my name you have no satisfaction, I am not of opinion that you should proceed farther. As to your own matters, I wish that, notwithstanding all other orders, you should be paid what I have directed ; which I should have thought that Dolu had by this time done, inasmuch as he has had control of the statement which he sent to me of the expenditure of the last year. But it appears to me that the superintendence of my affairs cannot cost you so much as you calculate, you being more fitting to employ yourself in it, as you offer, with an express commis-
sion, than without ; that which I have sent to you. extending to all things relating in general or particular to the administration and government of my jointure, except the gifts which I reserve to myself, as all other princes are accustomed to do. 1 approve of the payment to your secretary Bruce, and send you herewith the acquittances of the other parties of whom you write to me. Jailheur has received, besides what he has had from you, as much from me as from M. de Mauvissière,
nearly a hundred crowns by the same artifice with which he assisted himself in your instance. I thank you for the great care which you had for the plate concerning which I wrote to you, and for the information which you have given to me for the groundwork of my finances, upon which, all other parties being discharged, whether for myself or any one else, I expect that the sum which I have ordered shall be reserved
for me, without which they must make some other provision for any opportunity that may arise. Continue to the son of my Lord Northumberland the good oflSces which you have begun, but as secretly as you can ; and, if you are requested by his tutor to provide him with any money, supply him with it promptly. Wherefore, I pray God that He may have you, my Lord of Glasgow, in His holy and worthy keeping.
Written at the Manor of Sheflaeld, this 20th May.
Postscript hy Nau: — Sir, — I protest to you that I have informed the queen of the contents of your last letters, and those of your secretary, concerning her majesty's service and your own matters ; upon which you may comprehend the intentions of her said majesty by what she has written to you herself. I regret that it is not so much to your mind as I wish, and as I thought to have managed, according as I felt
obliged thereto ; but more than I, as you know, have a voice in the matter, and of both sexes. I swear to you, by the eternal God, that it is not in my power to do more than I have done hitherto, with so many diflSculties and crosses on all sides, which I cannot at present explain. I endeavour to gain, step by step, what I know to be necessary for her majesty^s service, the satisfaction of her best friends, and the retrenchment of the authority which others usurp ; but it is
with so little effect that I dare not make account of it, now that Monsieur Dolu knows how to complain and accuse me of faction. I send you the acquittances of parties furnished by you, or upon your certificates, of which in future it appears to me that it will be more correct and safe to make a roll, at the end of each year, in order not to insert, as I have for some time done, any signed instructions among those secret dispatches. I shall not fail, by the ordinary convey-
ance, to send a discharge for the acquittal of your thousand crowns, before all other orders and previous assignations. As to the last orders which you have received, they have not passed without my having been sharply reproached that I resembled and following his instructions of not leaving France with less money than I could ; and that, of
all the jointure, none had been better employed than that which was provided for the affairs here, from which they expected more fruit than from any other thing. In a word, they will not want presents and means to entertain this people. Even her majesty, understanding by your letters that I had written to you not to give yourself trouble in send-
ing more preserves, was very much offended, asking me if I wished to mix myself up in the control of her. I kiss your hands very humbly, and shall remain, as long as I live, your very humble and attached servant. Her majesty has since taken leisure to write to Monsieur de Guise, in reply to those which he wrote to her since your last. The mark is S.
Endorsed:— 0Ï 20th May, 1580. Eeceived the 17th June, 1580, at Paris. [33]
May 20, 1611: The new comers, on their arrival on May 20, 1611, discovered no
more than sixty of the settlers alive "most famished and at pointe of
death, of whom many soon died." In 1609 Capt. Smith had "divided
into three partes and dispersed about for their better releife, The
first under command of Captain Francis West to seat at the head of
the River ; a second under command of Captain John Smith, the President,
at James Towne, & the other, with Capt. John Martin in the River at
Nansamun."* [34]
In the year 1610, however, Gates, despairing of maintaining the
Colony, resolved with the consent of the Council "to embarque themselves
& this poor remainder of the Collonye, in those two pinnaces [in which
Gates and Somers had arrived] & two other small Barques then in the
River to sett saile for Newfoundland where they might relieve their wants
& procure one safer passage for Englande * * * but when we had sailed
down the river about twelve miles we espied a boat which afterwards we
understoode came from the right Honourable Lord La Ware, who was
then arrived at Point Comfort with three good shipps, wherein he brought
two hundred and fifty persons with some store of provisions * * * Sir
Thomas Gates understandinge that his Lordship was arrived with a com-
mission from the Company to be Governor & Capt Genl of Virginia and
had brought men & provisions for the subsistinge & advancinge of the
Plantation, he the very next day to the grief e of all his Company (only
except Capt. John Martin) as winde & weather gave leave, retorned his
whole company with charge to take possession again of those poor
ruinated habitations at James Towne."
The new Governor devoted himself to directing the repair and forti-
fication of the settlement, but, balked by the Indians in his plan to dispatch
an expedition to the mountains in search of gold and silver, he departed,
broken in health, for the West Indies, whence he shortly afterwards
returned to England. With only Jamestown and Point Comfort held by
the settlers Capt. George Percy administered as deputy governor. About
a fortnight after De La Warr's departure arrived in Virginia a small ship
called the Hercules with some thirty persons and provisions. [35]
May 20, 1631: The city of Magdeburg in Germany is seized by forces of the Holy Roman Empire and most of its inhabitants massacred, in one of the bloodiest incidents of the Thirty Years' War. For once, there were probably no Jews among the dead. The Jews had been explled from the town in 1493 and would not be readmitted until 1671 during the reign of the great elector, Frederick William.[36]
1632: King Ladislaus IV of Poland forbids antisemitic print-outs.[37] \
May 20, 1648: King Wladislaus IV of Poland passed away. Wladislaus was the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth when the Chmielnicki, Uprising began in January of 1648. According to some, the King and his advisors underestimated the size and the strength of the uprising. They suffered to major defeats as the Cossacks moved westward. His death left the Poles leaderless at a crucial time in their history and may have been a contributing factor to the success of the uprising which brought death and destructions to hundreds of thousands of Jews living throughout the area.[38]
May 20, 1662: Catherine journeyed from Portugal to Portsmouth on May 13-14, 1662,[33] but was not visited by Charles there until May 20.[39]
May 20, 1671: Frederick William of Prussia permitted 50 Jewish families who had been expelled from Vienna to settle in his dominion.[40]
May 20, 1690: A combined French and Indian force destroy a settlement at Casco, Maine, during King William’s War.[41]
May 20, 1775: William Elliott was a partizan of Pennsylvania in the jurisdictional disputes
between that colony and Virginia. At the first term of the Virginia Court at
Pittsburgh, he was committed to jail (''goal") until he paid a bond of jEIOO
to keep the peace and refrain from taking an account of individuals' property
for the purpose of taxation on the part of Pennsylvania. "Minutes of the
Court at Fort Dunmore." ACM, I, 526. On May 20, 1775, Robert Elliott
conveyed to William Elliott 900 acres on the "Old Forbes Road," 12 miles
from Pittsburgh, adjacent to land of Ephriam Douglas. Ibid., 301, 302.
His name appears several times in the Account Book of Casper Reel at
Pittsburgh in 1775, for dressing deer skins and making breeches. WPHS, MS.
He also appears on the tax lists of Pitt Township, Westmoreland County, for
1772. [42]
May 20, 1777: The Cherokee Indians give up all of their territory in South Carolina, signing the Treaty of DeWitts Corner.[43]
May 20, 1778: Battle of Barren Hill.[44]
May 20, 1778
Lieutenant Piel, also of the von Donop Regiment, correctly noted the events of May 20, 1778. “Because we had news that the rebel General [Marie Joseph] Marquis de Lafayette had crossed the Schuylkill with 5,000 men and wished to establish himself near White Marsh, the English and Hessian Grenadiers, as well as the Light Infantry, marched out at about nine o’clock in the morning to approach the enemy corps from the rear. This morning at six o’clock, another corps of English, Hessians, and Ansbachers took the road through Germantown in order to make a frontal attack against the enemy. However, the Marquis received timely reports of these movements and hurriedly pulled back over the Schuylkill. The Woellwarth Brigade did not participate in these movements, but remained in Philadelphia under arms throughout the period”[45]
May, Colonel William Crawford took command of the Thirteenth Regiment under BrIgadier-General Lachlln McIntosh who had succeeded General Hand. Colonel William Crawford located and erected Fort Crawford a short distance above the mouth of Puckerty Creek, about 16 miles above Fort Pitt. Colonel Crawford was in command at Fort Crawford 1778-80. Colonel George Rodgers Clark invited Crawford to join his expedition to the Mississippi River. Due to the condition of the frontier, Crawford had to refuse. Colonel Crawford took active part under Brigadier-General Mcintosh in the expedition against Detroit. [46]
May 20, 1780
Yohogan Co
Will: Harrison to Philip Burk at Winchester, enclosing claim for ₤1000 worth, provisions furnished Major Geo: Slaughter, for State Troops “over the mountains” &c[47]
May 20, 1782
Colonel William Crawford to Irvine
Colonel Canon’s,[48] May 20, 1782.
Sir: At my arrival at this place,[49] I found a number of volunteers from Westmoreland county, about one hundred men. The Washington county people are to rendexvous at the Mingo Bottom [on the east side of the Ohio]. If common report can be true, there will be about three or four hundred men. I am afraid the smallest number. I should be happy to see you at the Mingo Bottom if it is convenient for you. I am much afraid guides will be wanting. None seem to be fixed on that I can find that will go. I can hear nothing of Thomas Nicholson[50] for scouting. Tomorrow we shall be at the Mingo Bottom. About Wednesday we shall cross the Ohio and be able to begin our march on Thrusday morning or Wednsday evening. I must beg your assistance in requestin Dr. Knight’s coming as soon as possible. I can find him a horse from Colonel Canon’s, if he can come that far. I shall write you from time to time as opportunity may offer.[51]
May 20, 1782
The Wyandot Indian town of Sandusky was considered by these intrepid Washington County pioneers to be the base from which all of these Indian raids emanated. They were instigated of course, by the British from Detroit. It was more than a year until the war was officially closed and the armies disbanded on the eastern seaboard. This point was on the Sandusky River in present Wyandot County, Ohio. Mingo Bottom, on May 20, 1782, became the place of rendevous for the movement which has been known as Crawford’s expedition. General Irvine threw his influence towards the selection of Colonel William Crawford to command the expedition. Colonel David Williamson was ambitious to command and was but five votes short of heading it.[53]
May 20, 1819: In 1786, Thomas Moore (1745-1823) and his wife Mary Harrison (1761-1835) were among the second party of European settlers to enter Bourbon (now Harrison) County Kentucky. They lived on a tract of 2,000 acres in what is now known as the Poindexter Section of the county. In his will, executed May 20, 1819, Thomas Moore left all his property to Mary, for her use and disposition at her death.[54]
May 20, 1790: Eleazer Solomon is quartered for the alleged murder of a Christian girl in Grodno.[55]
May 20, 1819
Thomas Moore Will
In the name of God, Amen. I, Thomas Moore of the County of Harrison and the State of Kentucky being in my perfect health, mind end memory and understanding. Thanks be to Almighty God for the same. Yet calling to mind the mortality of my body and knowing it is appointed f or all men to die once do make and declare this to be my last will and testament
First, I commit my body to the earth from whence it came to be buried in a decent Christian like manner at the discretion of my executors.
Secondly, afterall my just debts are paid my will and desire is that my well beloved wife, Mary Moore, shall have the whole of my real and personal estate in her possession during her natural life and to be at her disposal at her death, And lastly, I hereby nominate constitute and appoint my well beloved wife, Mary Moore, to execute this twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord 1819, have here unto set my hand and seal. o.
(Signed) Thomas Moore (L S)
Signed, sealed in the
presence of us
P. Barrett
Jenny Barrett I
Harrison Count Janüary Court set 1824.
This last will and testament of Thomas Moore deceased was proven in open court by the oaths of Peter Barrett and Jenny Barrett subscribing witnesses thereto and ordered to be recorded.
Att. H.C. Moore C. H. C.[56]
Thomas Moore made his will on May 20, 1819, leaving his estate to his wife, naming her to execute his wishes. Mary left lands to children, whose own children inherited in turn. Grandson Marmakuke Moore (1808-1883), after a stint as sheriff of Harrison County, sold his holdings and moved to Covington Kentucky by 1850.
The spare accounts we have about the Moores and the Harrisons are suggestive of a powerful incentive shared by hundreds, then multiple thousands of immigrants to America and also by their early descendents. The unwavering objective, extending across the generations, was to transform vast lands into property. The property motive was in high profile for descendents of colonists from the British Isles, where even the forests were off limits, as owned by the king. The ownership motivation brought the settlers into genocidal conflict with the aboriginal occupiers of America, whose communal ways rejected the idea of land as personal or private property.
Turning land into property seems to have been the primary motive of the settlers, even when there were other incentives, such as unfettered religious practice, or new beginnings well away from the slums of London or the rural poverty of Scotland. The harsh conditionts of life may have pushed the immigrants out of
Europe but ht e vast lands of America is what pulled them. Not long after landfall, the arriving colonials, especially those already with children in their arms and at their sides, realized what lay before them, an impossibly broad expanxe of territory. For the immigrants and their descendents, for gtenerations to come, until the end of the 19th century when the frontier was closed, life would have been full of dreams, discussions and plans with spouses, children and friends. Their subject would have been the land, how to get some it, use it, acquire more of it, hang onto it and pass it down through the family.
Thomas Moore was buried in Harrison County, in Poindexter, west of Cynthiana. A broken headstone reads: Sacred to the Memory of Thomas Moore, a Captain in the Army of the Revolution who died October 20, 1823, in the 78th year of his Life.
There is another headstone, which has a partial inscription today but which was copied some years ago:
Under the Stone are deposited the remains of Mary Moore Consort of Thomas Moore: A native of Virginia, Who died February 7, 1836 In the 75th year of her age To the memory of the fond wife kind parent good neighbor
The Lindsey Cemetery, which contains the Moore graves, is situated on private property, (the McNees farm) in Poindexter, a few miles west of the Cynthiana, KY. The cemetery is about a half mile east of and directly behind a highway marker identifying the location of the cemetery. The marker is on Harrison County Route 1743, “Carl Stephens Road.” You have to enter private property to get to the cemetery. Be nice.[57]
May 20, 1828: William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg
Harrison in 1841; this is an early (circa 1850) photographic copy of an 1841 daguerreotype
9th President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
Vice President
John Tyler
Preceded by
Martin Van Buren
Succeeded by
John Tyler
United States Minister to Colombia
In office
May 24, 1828 – September 26, 1829
Nominated by
John Quincy Adams
Preceded by
Beaufort Watts
Succeeded by
Thomas Moore
United States Senator
from Ohio
In office
March 4, 1825 – May 20, 1828
Preceded by
Ethan Brown
Succeeded by
Jacob Burnet
[58]
In 1822 he ran for the U.S. House but lost by only 500 votes to James W. Gazlay. In 1824 he was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served until May 20, 1828. Fellow westerners in Congress called Harrison a "Buckeye", a term of affection related to the native Ohio Buckeye tree.[21] He was an Ohio Presidential elector in 1820 for James Monroe.[47] and an Ohio Presidential elector in 1824 for Henry Clay.[48]. In 1817, Harrison declined to serve as Secretary of War under President James Monroe.[59]
Black Hawk War begins…
May 20, 1832
1113111419a[60]
1113111406[61]
Chief Shabbona
May 20, 1832
1113111420[62]
100_1358
Anna Goodlove visits the “Grey” room where North Carolina seceded from the Union, May 20, 1861. North Carolina was one of the last states to secede from the Union.[63] Zebulon Vance, the Civil War Governor of North Carolina was Anna’s fourth cousin, 6 times removed.
Fri. May 20[64], 1864
Crossed byo on pontoon made of boats[65]
Marched 3 m on levee and camped
(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry)[66]
May 20, 1865
Private Rigby gave a very detailed account of the long march through the unreconstructed region of the South. The first part of the march to Sisters Ferry was through land so poor that it would have produced only ten to twelve bushels of corn or wheat per acre. Sherman’s army had destroyed this region, and women, claiming that they had not eaten in forty-eight hours, even begged hardtack from the marchers. The returning Confederate soldiers from Johnston’s army presentede a pathetic picture. Officers rode on skeletons which once had been horses. From the three star general to the lowly “clayeater,” all were going home without public demonstration or cheers of joy to welcome them. Rigby symbolized them as “beating the death march of their dead Confederacy.:[67]
Chivalry was further wounded as the Union marchers flaunted their banners and played their marching music. In Waynesboro, the band struck up “Bonnie Blue Flag,” and a Confederate captain, still in full uniform, resenting the insult, wolked into his home and slammed the door. A young lady companion tossed her pretty head in contempt of the passing column. Many, however, who viewed the marchers were openly friendly and acknowledged that they had been beaten fairly and were ready to return to peaceful pursuits. A few, like the insulted captain, retorted, “You have not whipped us, you have only overpowered us. “ One old southern gentleman added that, “We are ready to fight you again.” His two sons recently returned from Lee’s army were of the opinion that the old man could do the next fighting; they had had enough.[68]
Between Waynesboro and August the land improved in quality, and a number of fine mansions were sighted. Lucas noted several men working in great uniforms and a number of southern belles, all very white, showing that they had not been exposed to the sun. Most of the plantation owners still retained their slaves. The Negroes, in most cases, were not yet aware of their freedom A few, however, followed the marching column.[69]
One former owner attempted to take a Negro from the column wit the permission of Colonel Wright. When th e plantation owner drew a revolver to intimidate the fugitive, the 24th acted, relieving the man of his revolvers, money, and claim to the Negro. Another person in greay uniform followed the regiment all the way to Augusta to get a woman who had escaped his cruelty. Rigby criticized the officers for allowing this man tro ride in the rear of the column while they argued the doctrine of civil rights, a doctrine that was dead and damned in the private’s opinion. Rigby felt it was better for the masses of Negroes to remain at their homes where they recweived comparatively good treatment until the government could provide proper protection. The soldiers, however, had a duty not close their eyes to the demands of humanity.[70]
Approaching August the column was hurrahed by a group of Negroes. The cheerers were rebuked by a southern woman who screamed in a piping keg, “You damned niggers, I wish some of these men would shoot you.” Rigby thought that the question of which was preferable, a black skin or a black heart, was hardly debatable. The three Iowa regiments which had outdistanced their eastern comrades at arms, paraded with colors flying and drums beating through Augusta. The troops then crossed the Savannah River and camped one mile northeast of the city in the little hamlet of Hamburg, South Carolina.[71]
May 20, 1865: Confederate General Kirby Smith surrenders all forces west of the Mississippi River.[72]
100_5659[73]
Died for State Rights Guaranteed under the Constitution. The people of the south, animated by the spirit of 1776, to preserve their rights, withdrew from the federal compact in 1861. The North resorted to coercion. The South, against overwhelming numbers and resources, fought until exhausted. During the war there were twenty-two hundred and fifty seven engagements. In eighteen hundred and eighty-two of these, at least one regiment took part.
Number of men enlisted: Confederate armies, 800,000. Federal Armies, 2,859,132. Losses from all causes: Confederate: 437,000. Federal 485,286. [74]
May 20, 1885: William Cephous Nix (b. May 20, 1885 in AL / d. November 20, 1963 in AL).[75]
William Cephous Nix14 [Marion F. Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. May 20, 1885 in AL / d. November 20, 1963 in AL) married Mollie Belle Stephenson (b. March 18, 1883 in GA / d. April 4, 1964 in AL). [76]
May 20, 1886: Freda Mabel Brown b July 28, 1892 at Valley Junction (West Des Moines, Ia.) d August 25, 1969 at Gardena, Calif, buried in Roosevelt Cemetery md September 1919 at Sioux City, Ia., Clarence James Hamilton b May 20, 1886 at Sioux City, Ia. son of Charles C. and Lyda B. (DuBois) Hamilton d April 26, 1935 at Sioux City, Ia. They had the following children:
1. Lila Jane Hamilton b August 3, 1920 at Sioux City, Ia. md September 5, 1950 Richard Howland Finne b November 21, 1924 at Onawa, Ia. d January 2, 1965 at Torrance, Calif. Lila Jane and Richard Finne had two sons:
1. John Howland Finne b January 16, 1957 at Inglewood, Calif, and
2. Richard Frost Finne b April 19, 1959 at Torrance, Calif.
2. Jack Cornell Hamilton b April 17, 1923 at Sioux City, Ia. d January 30, 1948 at Los Angeles, Ca. md June 8, 1946 at Los Angeles, Ca. Dorothy Stevens. There were no children. [77]
May 20, 1963 David Ferrie places a call to Dallas today, to an unidentified number. [78]
May 2005: Pope John Paul II is remembered for his successful efforts to end communism, as well as for building bridges with peoples of other faiths, and issuing the Catholic Church s first apology for its actions during World War II. He was succeeded by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, who became Pope Benedict XVI. Benedict XVI began the process to beatify John Paul II in May 2005.[79]
May 2010: Koch announced his resignation from the post of Minister-President as well as his retirement from politics. His successor is Volker Bouffier.
The party strengths in the 2009 election were as follows:
e • d Summary of the January 18 2009 election results for the Landtag of Hesse
Party
Ideology
Vote % (change)
Seats (change)
Seat %
Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
Christian Democracy
37.2%
+0.4%
46
+4
39.0%
Social Democratic Party (SPD)
Social Democracy
23.7%
-13.0%
29
-13
24.6%
Free Democratic Party (FDP)
Classical liberalism
16.2%
+6.8%
20
+9
17.0%
Alliance '90/The Greens (GRÜNE)
Green politics
13.7%
+6.2%
17
+8
14.4%
The Left (Die Linke)
Democratic socialism
5.4%
+0.3%
6
0
5.1%
Free Voters (FW)
Various, lean right
1.6%
+0.7%
National Democratic Party (NPD)
Ethnic nationalism
0.9%
0
The Republicans (REP)
National conservatism
0.6%
-0.4%
Pirate Party (PIRATEN)
Civil rights
0.5%
+0.2%
Civil Rights Movement Solidarity (BüSo)
LaRouche movement
0.2%
+0.2%
All Others
--
0%
-1.4%
Total
100.0%
120
+10
100.0%
Turnout was at 61.0%, down from 64.3% in 2008. 61.0% marks the lowest turnout for a Landtag election in Hesse's history. Only the non-binding 1946 election (while Hesse was still under military occupation) had a lower turnout.
Culture
The cultural region of Hesse extends into Rhenish Hesse which is in Rhineland-Palatinate. The oldest and second largest Hessian city of Mainz is in Rhenish Hesse. The locals speak a Rhine Franconian dialect known as Hessisch.
[edit] Religion
Religion in Hesse - 2006
religion
percent
Protestants
40.8%
Roman Catholics
25.4%
Other or none
33.8%
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Fulda_-_Stadtpfarrkirche_St._Blasius.jpg/200px-Fulda_-_Stadtpfarrkirche_St._Blasius.jpg
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf3/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
View of the Stadtpfarrkirche St. Blasius in Fulda.
As of 2006[7] 40.8% of the Hessians belong to the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau, a member of the Evangelical Church in Germany, while 25.4% adhere to the Roman Catholic Church. 33.8% or one-third of the Hessian people belong to other faiths or is unaffiliated. Minority faiths include Islam and Buddhism. The continental Baha'i House of Worship for Europe is located in the village of Langenhain in the town of Hofheim near Frankfurt.
State anthem
The official anthem of Hesse is called "Hessenlied" (Song of Hesse), and was written by Albrecht Brede (music) and Carl Preser (lyrics).
TV and radio stations
Hessischer Rundfunk (HR) is the main ARD broadcaster in Hesse, providing a statewide TV programme as well as its regional radio stations (HR 1, HR 2, HR 3, HR 4, you fm and HR info). Other than HR, ZDF and other privately run TV stations flourish. Among the commercial radio stations that are active in Hesse are Hit Radio FFH, Planet Radio, Harmony FM, Radio BOB and Main FM.
Economy
Hesse is one of the largest and healthiest economies in Germany. Its GDP in 2011 exceeded 229 billion Euros (about 318 bn US$).[8] This makes Hesse itself one of the largest economies in Europe and the 38th largest in the world.[9] Some large companies headquartered in Hesse include Opel, Merck, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, Fraport, Fresenius, Sanofi Aventis, Procter & Gamble, B. Braun and Deutsche Börse. According to GDP-per-capita figures, Hesse is the wealthiest State in Germany.
Traffic and public transportation
Hesse has one of the best transportation networks in Europe. Many trans-European and German motorways, high-speed train, and waterways lines cross Hesse. Frankfurt International Airport is Germany's largest and Europe's third largest airport (after London Heathrow and Paris Charles de Gaulle). Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof is Germany's second busiest railway station by passengers but the busiest in terms of traffic.[citation needed]
Motorways
Hesse has a dense highway network with a total of 24 motorways. The internationally important motorway routes through Hesse are the A3, A5, and A7. Close to the airport of Frankfurt is the Frankfurter Kreuz, Germany's busiest and one of Europe's busiest motorway junction, where the motorways A3 (Arnhem-Cologne-Frankfurt-Nuremberg-Passau) and A5 (Hattenbach-Frankfurt-Karlsruhe-Basel) intersect. The A5 becomes as large as 4 lanes in each direction near the city of Frankfurt am Main. During the rush-hour its possible to use the emergency lanes on the A3 and A5 motorway in the Rhine-Main Region. In fact of this, the Motorways had 4 lanes in each direction.
Death penalty
The Hessian constitution was written in 1946, and Article 21 permitted the use of the death penalty.[10] But all uses of capital punishment in Germany are forbidden by the 1949 Federal Grundgesetz (basic law), which supersedes all state laws such as the Hessian constitution by the principle of "Bundesrecht bricht Landesrecht" ('Federal law breaks state law').[11]
Public discussion in Hesse
There is still public discussion in Hesse about removing the now useless text concerning death penalty from the Hessian constitution: Some people think that Article 21 of the Hessian constitution should be deleted, for if there is no death penalty it cannot be used. Removing the death penalty from the Hessian constitution, however, requires a referendum in Hesse. Bavaria held a referendum in 1998 and successfully removed the law concerning death penalty from its constitution, and the Saarland removed the passage concerning the death penalty upon reunion with Germany in 1956.
May 2012: Cromwell is the subject of Hilary Mantel's Booker Prize winning novels, Wolf Hall (2009) and Bring Up the Bodies (2012), which explore his humanity and to some extent rebuts the unflattering portrait in A Man for All Seasons. Wolf Hall won the 2009 Man Booker Prize. Mantel's second novel of a planned trilogy about Cromwell and Henry VIII, Bring up the Bodies, was published in May 2012. It quickly made the New York Times bestseller list.[13] and, like its predecessor, was awarded the Man Booker Prize.[80]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03724b.htm
[2] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=170&endyear=179
[3] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=170&endyear=179
[4] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 126-127.
[5] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 25.
[6] A History of God, by Karen Armstrong, page 414
[7] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 127.
[8] www.wikipedia.org
[9] Rome: Rise and Fall of an Empire, 12/01/2008
[10] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[11]
[12] mike@abcomputers.com
[13] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 88.
[14] www.Wikipedia.org
[15] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/08.html
[16] From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, page 3.
[17] http:www.jewishgen.org/databases/givennames/midlage.htm
[18] DNA and Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews, Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004, pg. 91.
[19] htThe tp://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/08.html
[20]
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/08.html
[21] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/08.html
[22] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[23] wikipedia
[24] [Original, — Itoyal Library at Paris ; Harlay MSS. No. 189, fol. 209.]
[25] * St. Michael.
[26] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[27] beginshttp://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1570
[28] [Decipher, — From the Collection of Bishop Kt/U^ at Preshome,^
[29] * The Earl of Shrewsbury.
[30] * Mary continued to give the Duke of Anjou the old title by
which she had so long known him.
[31] * Robert Bov/es, fifth son of Richard Bowes, captain of Norham,
and Elizabeth Aske, and only surviving brother of Sir George
Bowes, knight, Elizabeth's active marshal! in the suppression of
the northern rebellion. He was treasurer of Berwick, where he
died; and was interred there 16th December 1597. The corres-
pondence of Bowes, during his embassy in Scotland, was published
by the Surtees' Society in 1842. The collection is very important,
but its utility is greatly diminished by the want of a good index, —
an omission very imperfectly supplied by any table of contents.
[32] * For much information regarding the houses of Crawford and
Lindsay, see the elegant and instructive " Lives of the Lindsays,'*
by their amiable and highly accomplished descendant Alexander
Lord Lindsay, privately printed at Wigan, 1840, 4 vols, royal 8vo,
[33] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[34] *Breife Declaration of the Plantation of Virginia duringe the first twelve yeares when Sir Thomas Smith was Governor of the Companie, & downe to this present tyme. By the Ancient Planters nowe alive in Virginia. Colonial Records of Virginia, pp. 69-83.
[35] Cavaliers and Pioneers
[36] This day in jewish history
[37] www.wikipedia.org
[38] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[39] wikipedia
[40] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[41] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[42] Veech, Monongahela of Old, 199.
[43] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[44] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[45] Enemy Views, Bruce Burgoyne
[46] The Brothers Crawford, Allen W. Scholl, 1995
[47] Calendar of Virginia State Papers and other Manuscripts, 1652-1781, Preserved in the Capitol at Richmond by Wm. P. Palmer, M. D. Volume 1, 1875 pg. 44.
[48] Now Canonsburgh, Washington county, Pennsylvania, then the home of John Canon.
[49] Crawford was on his way to meet the volunteers, who were to march against Sandusky.
[50] Thomas was a brother of Joseph Nicholson, who was famous as a scout, he having seen, perhaps, more service in that line, than any other person in the western country. He was with Washington in 1770, down the Ohio, to the Great Kanawha, proving himself upon that occasion, a useful guide. In Dunmore’s war of 1774, he acted as pilot. He was also engaged in the same capacity in several expeditions, during the revolution, from Fort Pitt. After the war, he settled at Pittsburgh and died there.
[51] Washington-Irvine Correspondence, by Butterfield page 363.
[52] The Sandusky Expetition May-June 1782, Parker B. Brown, 1988.
[53] (Annals of Southwestern Pennsylvania, by Lewis Clark Walkinshaw. Lewis Historical Publishing Co. Inc., New Your, 1939. 4 Volumes)(Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett, Page 454.22)
[54] John Moreland book, page 259.
[55] www.wikipedia.org
[56] (Recorded in Will Book "B" page 188, Harrison County Clerk's Office.)
Moore Harrison Papers Cynthiana/Harrison Public Library, Ref. from Conrad and Caty, by Gary Goodlove, 2003 Author Unknown.
[57] John Moreland book page 269-271.
[58] wikipedia
[59] wikipedia
[60] The Historical Museum, Utica, Illinois. 11/13/2011
[61] The Historical Museum, Utica, Illinois. 11/13/2011
[62] The Historical Museum, Utica, Illinois, 11/13/2011
[63] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, 2008.
[64] The 24th Iowa crossed on the afternoon of May 20, and by sundown the army was over the bridge which was then broken up and the boats steamed down river. The march resumed at 10 o'clock that night and the Iowans started for the mouth of Red River. Letter, WTR to brother May 23, 1864.
[65] Joseph Bailey’s engineering skills were once more called on to solve the problem of bridging the 600 yard-wide Atchafalaya River at Simsport without pontoons or the usual engineer field equipment. Using steamers, he improvised a bridge over which Bank’s wagon trains passed the afternoon of the 19th and the troops the next day. (O.R., Bank’s report)
http://www.civilwarhome.com/redrivercampaign.htm
[66] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[67] Rigby Journal, May 20, 1865. History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 202.)
[68] Rigby Journal, May 20, 1865. History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 202.)
[69] Lucas, Iowa Historical Record (July, 1902), p. 538. History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 203.)
[70] Rigby Journal, May 20, 1865. History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 202.)
[71] Rigby Journal, April 20, 1865; Hoag Diary, May 20, 1865; Lucas, Iowa Historical Record (July, 1902), p. 538. History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 204.)
[72] On This Day in America by John Magnam.
[73] State Capital Memorial, Austin, Texas, February 11, 2012
[74] State Capital Memorial, Austin, Texas, February 11, 2012
[75] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[76] Proposed Descendants of William smythe
[77] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[78] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[79] www.history.com
[80] wikipedia
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