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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
Birthdays on May 15:
Thomas R. Armstrong
Earl Balderston
Luella P. Fay Kruse
James F. HARRISON
Hillis D.". Henderson
Lorena G. Morris Welch
Thomas F. Nix
Sarah C. Pyle Goodlove
May 15, 1513: Charles Brandon was brought up at the court of Henry VII. He is described by Dugdale as "a person comely of stature, high of courage and conformity of disposition to King Henry VIII, with whom he became a great favourite". Brandon held a succession of offices in the royal household, becoming Master of the Horse in 1513, and received many valuable grants of land. May 15, 1513, he was created Viscount Lisle, having entered into a marriage contract with his ward, Elizabeth Grey, suo jure Viscountess Lisle. The contract was ended and the title was forfeited as a result of Brandon's marriage to Mary Tudor in 1515.
He distinguished himself at the sieges of Thérouanne and Tournai in the French campaign of 1513. One of the agents of Margaret of Savoy, governor of the Netherlands, writing from before Thérouanne, reminded her that Lord Lisle was a "second king" and advised her to write him a kind letter.[1]
In May 1515 he married Mary Tudor, Queen Dowager of France.[2]
May 1516: Surrey was a member of the King's council before May 1516.[3]
May 1527: Rome was invaded by Charles V and his 16,000 man army. The city is sacked. Men run through the church on their horses. 147 Swiss Guards stood bravely on the steps of St. Peters as the ancient city was sacked. They were slaughtered, but their mission was a success. As they gave their lives for the Holy father, a detachment of guards escorted Pope Clement safely from the Vatican.[4]
As the Pope was, at that time, prisoner of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, as a result of the Sack of Rome in May 1527, Knight had some difficulty obtaining access. In the end he had to return with a conditional dispensation, which Wolsey insisted was technically insufficient.[57] Henry now had no choice but to put his great matter into Wolsey's hands, who did all he could to secure a decision in Henry's favour,[58] even going so far as to convene an ecclesiastical court in England, with a special emissary, Lorenzo Campeggio from the Pope himself to decide the matter. But the Pope never had empowered his deputy to make any decision. The Pope was still a veritable hostage of Charles V, and Charles V was the loyal nephew of Henry's queen, Catherine.[59] The Pope forbade Henry to contract a new marriage until a decision was reached in Rome, not in England. Convinced that Wolsey's loyalties lay with the Pope, not England, Anne, as well as Wolsey's many enemies, ensured his dismissal from public office in 1529. George Cavendish, Wolsey's chamberlain, records that the servants who waited on the king and Anne at dinner in 1529 in Grafton heard her say that the dishonour that Wolsey had brought upon the realm would have cost any other Englishman his head. Henry replied, "Why then I perceive...you are not the Cardinal's friend." Henry finally agreed to Wolsey's arrest on grounds of praemunire.[60] Had it not been for his death from illness in 1530, he might have been executed for treason.[61] A year later in 1531 (fully two years before Henry's marriage to Anne), Queen Catherine was banished from court and her rooms were given to Anne.
Public support, however, remained with Queen Catherine. One evening in the autumn of 1531, Anne was dining at a manor house on the river Thames and was almost seized by a crowd of angry women. Anne just managed to escape by boat.[62]
When Archbishop of Canterbury William Warham died in 1532, the Boleyn family chaplain, Thomas Cranmer, was appointed, with papal approval.[63]
In 1532, Thomas Cromwell brought before Parliament a number of acts including the Supplication against the Ordinaries and Submission of the Clergy, which recognised royal supremacy over the church, thus finalising the break with Rome. Following these acts, Thomas More resigned as Chancellor, leaving Cromwell as Henry's chief minister.[64]
Marriage
Anne Boleyn was able to grant petitions, receive diplomats, give patronage and had enormous influence over her future husband to plead the cause of foreign diplomats. The ambassador from Milan wrote in 1531 that it was essential to have her approval if one wanted to influence the English government, a view corroborated by an earlier French ambassador in 1529.[5]
May 1528: Sweating sickness
Sweating sickness
MeSH
D018614
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Henry Brandon, 2nd Duke of Suffolk who in 1551 died of the sweating sickness hours before his brother Charles Brandon, 3rd Duke of Suffolk
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Charles Brandon, 3rd Duke of Suffolk
Sweating sickness, also known as "English sweating sickness" or "English sweate" (Latin: sudor anglicus), was a mysterious and highly virulent disease that struck England, and later continental Europe, in a series of epidemics beginning in 1485. The last outbreak occurred in 1551, after which the disease apparently vanished. The onset of symptoms was dramatic and sudden, with death often occurring within hours. Though its cause remains unknown, it has been suggested that an as yet unknown species of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome was responsible for the outbreak.[6]
May 1536: As Lord High Steward, he presided at the trial of his niece, Queen Anne Boleyn, in May 1536.[2][7]
Surrey's marriage to his second wife, Elizabeth, which had apparently been mutually affectionate at first, deteriorated in 1527 when he took a mistress, Elizabeth Holland (d. 1547/8), whom he installed in the Howard household. Elizabeth Howard formally separated from her husband in the 1530s.[8]
May 15, 1536: – Anne and George Boleyn’s trial for treason and incest. [9]
May 15, 1536: Anne had so far failed to produce a male heir, and Cromwell, aware that the King was growing impatient and had become enamoured of the young Jane Seymour, acted with ruthless determination, accusing Anne of adultery with several courtiers, including her own brother, Viscount Rochford. The Queen and her brother stood trial on Monday May 15.[10]
She was tried before a jury of peers – which included Henry Percy, her former betrothed, and her own uncle, Thomas Howard – and found guilty on May 15.[11]
May 1536: She succeeded Anne Boleyn as queen consort following the latter's execution for high treason, incest and adultery in May 1536. She died of postnatal complications less than two weeks after the birth of her only child, a son who reigned as Edward VI. She was the only one of Henry's wives to receive a queen's funeral, and his only consort to be buried beside him in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, as she was the only consort to have a male heir to survive infancy.
Early life
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Arms of Seymour: Gules, two wings conjoined in lure or lur
Jane Seymour was likely born at Wolf Hall, Savernake Forest, Wiltshire, the daughter of Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth. Through her maternal grandfather, she was the great-great granddaughter of King Edward III of England through Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence.[1] Because of this, she and King Henry VIII were fifth cousins. She was a half-second cousin to her predecessor Anne Boleyn, sharing a great-grandmother, Elizabeth Cheney.[2]
She was not educated as highly as King Henry's previous wives, Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn. She could read and write a little, but was much better at needlework and household management, which were considered much more necessary for women.[3] Jane's needlework was reported to be beautiful and elaborate; some of her work survived as late as 1652, when it is recorded to have been given to the Seymour family. After her death, it was noted that Henry was an "enthusiastic embroiderer".[4]
She became a maid-of-honour in 1532 to Queen Catherine, but may have served her as early as 1527, and went on to serve Queen Anne. The first report of Henry VIII's interest in Jane Seymour was in early 1536, sometime before Catherine's death.
Jane was noted to have a childlike face, as well as a modest personality.[5] According to the Imperial Ambassador Eustace Chapuys, Jane was of middling stature and very pale; he also commented that she was not of much beauty. However, John Russell stated that Jane was "the fairest of all the King's wives." [6] Polydore Vergil commented that she was "a woman of the utmost charm in both character and appearance."[7]
May 1537: The Jewish Indian theory was attached to two critical questions. The first is the familiea “where are the ten trihbes? The second was far more important at the time: “how had humans arrived in America to begin with?” “There was a problem accounting for who [the Indians] were and where they came from. If everyone on the surface of earth [were] the descendants of Adam and Eveand the seven survivolrs of the floowd, then the Indians had to be connected to the Biblicaol world.” The charge became particularly acute after the May 1537 encyclical “Sublimus Deus” by Pope Paul III (1468-1549). Addressing the question of the slavement of the Native Americans, the pope stated that they “and all other people who may later be discovered by Christians” were “truly men.” But what men were they?[12]
May 1539:** May Statute of 6 Articles. These articles reaffirm Catholic doctrines because Henry doesn’t want to break with traditional Catholic practices. [13]
May 1548: Henry VIII died in 1547; Elizabeth's half-brother, Edward VI, became king at age nine. Catherine Parr, Henry's widow, soon married Thomas Seymour of Sudeley, Edward VI's uncle and the brother of the Lord Protector, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset. The couple took Elizabeth into their household at Chelsea. There Elizabeth experienced an emotional crisis that some historians believe affected her for the rest of her life.[21] Seymour, approaching age 40 but having charm and "a powerful sex appeal",[21] engaged in romps and horseplay with the 14-year-old Elizabeth. These included entering her bedroom in his nightgown, tickling her and slapping her on the buttocks. Parr, rather than confront her husband over his inappropriate activities, joined in. Twice she accompanied him in tickling Elizabeth, and once held her while he cut her black gown "into a thousand pieces."[22] However, after Parr discovered the pair in an embrace, she ended this state of affairs.[23] In May 1548, Elizabeth was sent away.[14]
May 1553: The great-granddaughter of Henry VII through his younger daughter Mary, Jane was a first cousin once removed of Edward VI. In May 1553, she was married to Lord Guildford Dudley, a younger son of Edward's chief minister, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland.[15]
Mary's power was increasing: in May 1553, the imperial ambassador in London, Jean Scheyfve, heard she had challenged Arran's regency and proposed James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, her illegitimate step-son, as a replacement.[49][16]
May 15, 1556: Though the Queen Regent, Mary of Guise, made no move to act against Knox, his activities caused concern among the church authorities. The bishops of Scotland viewed him as a threat to their authority and summoned him to appear in Edinburgh on May 15, 1556. He was accompanied to the trial by so many influential persons that the bishops decided to call the hearing off. Knox was now free to preach openly in Edinburgh. William Keith, the Earl Marischal, was impressed and urged Knox to write to the Queen Regent. Knox's unusually respectful letter urged her to support the Reformation and overthrow the church hierarchy. Queen Mary took the letter as a joke and ignored it.[47]
Return to Geneva, 1556–1559
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The Auditoire de Calvin where Knox preached while in Geneva, 1556–1558
[17]
May 1558: Mary was weak and ill from May 1558,[147] and died aged 42 at St. James's Palace during an influenza epidemic that also claimed the life of Reginald Pole later the same day.[18]
May 1559: The Queen Regent of Scotland, perceiving that the reformed satisfaction became daily more exacting in their demands, and that soon she would not be able to restrain them, caused a proclamation to
be issued, whereby it was ordered that all Scots, of what condition soever they were, should make profession of the Catholic religion, and discharge all its duties.
The nobles of the reformed party immediately assembled, and deputed the Earl of Argyll and Lord James Stuart to remonstrate with the queen dow-
ager that she could not without injustice disturb them in their religion, since she herself had permitted, or at least tolerated, the exercise of it ; and that they were determined to sacrifice their lives sooner than change their faith.
The queen regent having paid no regard to these remonstrances, the Protestants united themselves under the name of the Congregation, betook themselves to arms, and commenced to destroy the images,
and to pull down the churches and convents. [19]
May 15, 1561: Coronation of King Charles IX, at Reims, France. [20] Mary assists at the ceremonial.
About this time M. d'Oysel requests permission for her to pass through England, on her return to Scotland; but Ehzabeth, with much asperity, refuses this request. [21]
May 1562: It was proposed that an interview between the two queens should be held at York, towards the end of August. Mary eagerly accedes to this; but, long before the time appointed, Elizabeth alleges various excuses for absenting herself. [22]
May 15, 1565: Throckmorton arrives at Edinburgh, and begins by summoning the Earls of Lennox and Darnley to return to England, under pain of confiscation of their estates.
On the same day he had an audience of Mary, who complained bitterly of the exactions and wicked proceedings of Elizabeth ; and, in order to prove to him how immoveable her resolution was, she immediately creates Darnley Earl of Ross and Ardmannack, and grants him large possessions in Scotland. [23]
May 15, 1565: Private name: Henry Stewart of Darnley; styled (by courtesy): Lord Darnley [from December 7, 1545]; Earl of Ross and Lord of Ardmannoch [ May 15, 1565 - February 10, 1567]; Duke of Albany [ July 20, 1565 - February 10, 1567] [24] [25]
End of May 1566: Mary, being far advanced in her pregnancy, goes to Stirling to be confined there, to shelter herself from any new attempts on the part of her enemies, and perhaps also to withdraw from
Darnley ; but he having joined her, she soon returned to Edinburgh.^ [26]
At the same time, Elizabeth was seized with a dangerous sickness, which reduced her to the last extremity. All England was in consternation, and the interests of the two opposing factions, inclined them to place the crown on Mary's head ; but, the danger once passed, their hatreds and divisions broke out more violently than ever.
Elizabeth, having soon recovered her health, sent Killegrew to Mary, to complain that she harboured in Scotland a person named Ruxby, who she pretended was a rebel, but who, at bottom, was really the spy of Cecil. [27]
May 1566: To Queen Elizabeth. [28] [29]
[May, 1566.] I cannot, my good sister, but praise my good luck, which
has not suffered me to receive more sorrow than she has given me strength and fortitude to bear; on the contrary, she has mingled so intimately the good with the evil, that cause has rather been given to me by the receipt of your letters, written in your autograph, to thank God for your recovery, than leisure to bewail your indisposition, which I do with all my heart, and especially since I have learned the
great danger in which you have been, and how you have got so easily quit of it that your good looks w^ill suffer nothing in their integrity by it. J Randolph§[30] has requested me to send you some recipe for preventing its appearance, which I cannot do as I should wish, for the person who attended me is dead, and he was called Fernel,'"'[31] his majesty's chief physician, and he would never tell me the recipe of the lotion which he applied to my face after having punctured it all with a lancet, and then it would be too late to use that which they made for me after ; you will see it in this memorial, being extremely sorry that I did not know it sooner, for I should have sent to the person whom I consider the most eminent for that purpose, who was with me,t assuring you that I shall never know anything which can be of service to you
without using it, as a good sister ought to do, as long as I shall find my love returned with similar affection, of which I make no doubt, confiding in your promises and constancy of heart which you have given me in exchange for mine, which I think so well bestowed. And on this point, not to trouble you with too long a discourse, I shall conclude, after informing you by the same conveyance of the pacification of
the disturbances which for some time have annoyed me, more from compassion for those whom God has so far forsaken, than from the fear of falling into their danger, from the reliance which I had on my subjects, who shewed themselves to be such as I could have wished them ; and I hope they will be the better for this marked manifestation of the wrath of God, which has fallen upon the evil-doers. I make no
doubt that Kandolph will have so fully informed you of all, that I shall have no need to trouble you with a longer letter at present, except to kiss your fair hands, and pray to God that He may give you, madam my good sister, in health a very happy and long life, and the prosperity which you desire.
Your ever faithful and affectionate good sister and cousin,
Marie R.
Addressed^ — To Madam my good sister the Queen of
England. [32]
May 15, 1567: Mary marries Bothwell. The ceremony is celebrated according to the Protestant rites, by Adam, bishop of Orkney, in one of the rooms of the palace of Holyrood : she is attired in a mourning habit.
M. du Croc, the French ambassador, refuses to be present ; but he visits the queen on the same day, and finds her a prey to the deepest sorrow."* [33]
Soon after, the Bishop of Dunblane was ordered to go to France, and Robert Melvil to Elizabeth, to announce the marriage and endeavour to have it recognized.
The marriage once effected, the greater part of the nobility of most consideration openly league against Bothwell, and hold several meetings at Stirling, on pretence of deliberating on the means of restoring Mary, whom they consider a prisoner, to liberty.
In the meanwhile, this unfortunate princess issues a proclamation to allay the turbulence of the people; but her proclamation produced no effect: appearances were too strong against her, and Bothwell, thinking himself no longer safe in Edinburgh^ retired with his Queen to Borthwick. [34]
Mary and Bothwell confront the Scottish Lords at Carberry Hill. [35]
May 15, 1567, Mary married Bothwell, arousing suspicions that she had been party to the murder of her husband. Elizabeth wrote to her:
How could a worse choice be made for your honour than in such haste to marry such a subject, who besides other and notorious lacks, public fame has charged with the murder of your late husband, besides the touching of yourself also in some part, though we trust in that behalf falsely.[88]
These events led rapidly to Mary's defeat and imprisonment in Loch Leven Castle. The Scottish lords forced her to abdicate in favour of her son James, who had been born in June 1566. James was taken to Stirling Castle to be raised as a Protestant. Mary escaped from Loch Leven in 1568 but after another defeat fled across the border into England, where she had once been assured of support from Elizabeth. Elizabeth's first instinct was to restore her fellow monarch; but she and her council instead chose to play safe. Rather than risk returning Mary to Scotland with an English army or sending her to France and the Catholic enemies of England, they detained her in England, where she was imprisoned for the next nineteen years.[89]
Mary and the Catholic cause
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Sir Francis Walsingham, Principal Secretary 1573–1590. Being Elizabeth's spymaster, he uncovered several plots against her life.
Mary was soon the focus for rebellion. In 1569 there was a major Catholic rising in the North; the goal was to free Mary, marry her to Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, and put her on the English throne.[90] After the rebels' defeat, over 750 of them were executed on Elizabeth's orders.[91] In the belief that the revolt had been successful, Pope Pius V issued a bull in 1570, titled Regnans in Excelsis, which declared "Elizabeth, the pretended Queen of England and the servant of crime" to be excommunicate and a heretic, releasing all her subjects from any allegiance to her.[92][93] Catholics who obeyed her orders were threatened with excommunication.[92] The papal bull provoked legislative initiatives against Catholics by Parliament, which were however mitigated by Elizabeth's intervention.[94] In 1581, to convert English subjects to Catholicism with "the intent" to withdraw them from their allegiance to Elizabeth was made a treasonable offence, carrying the death penalty.[95] From the 1570s missionary priests from continental seminaries came to England secretly in the cause of the "reconversion of England".[93] Many suffered execution, engendering a cult of martyrdom.[93]
Regnans in Excelsis gave English Catholics a strong incentive to look to Mary Stuart as the true sovereign of England. Mary may not have been told of every Catholic plot to put her on the English throne, but from the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 (which caused Mary's suitor, the Duke of Norfolk, to lose his head) to the Babington Plot of 1586, Elizabeth's spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham and the royal council keenly assembled a case against her.[96] At first, Elizabeth resisted calls for Mary's death. By late 1586 she had been persuaded to sanction her trial and execution on the evidence of letters written during the Babington Plot.[97] Elizabeth's proclamation of the sentence announced that "the said Mary, pretending title to the same Crown, had compassed and imagined within the same realm divers things tending to the hurt, death and destruction of our royal person."[98][36]
May 15, 1568: Afraid of falling into the hands of Murray, and remembering how often Elizabeth had urged her to come to England, she orders Lord Herries to wTite to Lowther, lieutenant-governor of Carlisle, to know what reception he could give her. The same day, she sends James Beaton to London, to demand the assistance of the queen her cousin, and to apprise her of the intention which she had of taking refuge in her kingdom. [37]
May 15, 1570: A copy of the bull of excommunication, fulminated by Pope Pius V against Queen Elizabeth, is found posted on the door of the Bishop of London. [38]
End of May 1570: The Earl of Huntingdon was recalled, and the Queen of Scotland removed from Tutbury to Chatsworth. This mansion, situated in
Derbyshire, belonged to the Countess of Shrewsbury, in right of her second husband. Sir William Cavendish.
Shortly after, the Bishop of Ross obtained permission to visit Mary. It appears that it was then that this princess conceived the idea of sending to Rome, to solicit from the pope a brief for declaring the nullity of her marriage with Bothwell. [39]
End of May 1577: Mary w^as taken to the baths at Buxton. Leicester went there likewise, and staid with the Earl of Shrewsbury,*[40] which gave great umbrage to Burleigh. [41]
May 1581: Creighton, having rejoined Parsons in Flanders, assures him of the good disposition of James YI, and the most influential nobles of his court, * In conformity with the desire expressed by Mary, this gentleman had been entrusted with a secret mission to James VI, under
the pretext of taking him a present of horses from the Duke of Guise. The same gentleman had, in 1572, been sent to Rome by the duke to announce to the Cardinal of Lorraine, then resident there, the first intelligence of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, and carry thither at the same time the head of Admiral Coligny. [42]
Beginning of May 1585: Sir Ralph Sadler and Sommers leave Tutbury, after committing the Queen of Scots to the care of Sir Amy as Paulet. Mary took advantage of this opportunity, to send by Sommers to Elizabeth a memorial concerning the various points which had been the subject of the preceding negotiations.
The hatred which the Earl of Arran had excited against himself in Scotland, was become so general, that, in the month of June, the majority of the peers joined with the English ambassador and Gray, in deciding that the earl should be put to death, and they even went the length of selecting the individual who should assassinate him.^
About this time, a report was prevalent that Mary had made an attempt to escape from Tutbury. Lord Burleigh having expressed his uneasiness on this head to Sir Amyas Paulet, he hesitated not to reply to him that there was not the least danger of the Queen of Scots ever escaping out of his hands alive.f [43]
May 1586: The Queen of Scots, having learned that Don Bernard de Mendoça was nominated ambassador from Spain to France^ instantly wrote to the archbishop of Glasgow, as well as to most of her agents in Europe, recommending them to put themselves in communication with the new ambassador.
About this time Ballard, an English priest, went from London to Paris, and presented himself to Charles Paget and the Spanish ambassador, as sent by the principal Catholics in Scotland and England, and instructed by them to declare that^[44] wishing to profit by the general excitement which pervaded the two kingdoms, and the embarrassment occasioned to
Elizabeth by the war in Flanders, all the Catholics in Great Britain, and many other malcontents, were ready to take up arms for the deliverance of the Queen of Scots, and the restoration of the Catholic
religion, provided that they could reckon upon the assistance of one of the foreign powers.^ Don Bernard de Mendoça entertained these overtures with the greatest warmth, promised powerful support, and forthwith wrote to Philip II on the subject. [45]
May 1591: Supporting Henry IV of France
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Coat of arms of Queen Elizabeth I, with her personal motto: "Semper eadem" or "always the same"
When the Protestant Henry IV inherited the French throne in 1589, Elizabeth sent him military support. It was her first venture into France since the retreat from Le Havre in 1563. Henry's succession was strongly contested by the Catholic League and by Philip II, and Elizabeth feared a Spanish takeover of the channel ports. The subsequent English campaigns in France, however, were disorganised and ineffective.[123] Lord Willoughby, largely ignoring Elizabeth's orders, roamed northern France to little effect, with an army of 4,000 men. He withdrew in disarray in December 1589, having lost half his troops. In 1591, the campaign of John Norreys, who led 3,000 men to Brittany, was even more of a disaster. As for all such expeditions, Elizabeth was unwilling to invest in the supplies and reinforcements requested by the commanders. Norreys left for London to plead in person for more support. In his absence, a Catholic League army almost destroyed the remains of his army at Craon, north-west France, in May 1591.[46]
May 15, 1602: Captain Bartholomew Gosnold becomes the first Englishman to land on the New England Coast, near Cape Cod, Massachusetts.[47]
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Louis receiving the Doge of Genoa at Versailles on May 15, 1685, following the Bombardment of Genoa. (Reparation faite à Louis XIV par le Doge de Gênes. 15 mai 1685 by Claude Guy Halle, Versailles.)
By attaching nobles to his court at Versailles, Louis achieved increased control over the French aristocracy. Apartments were built to house those willing to pay court to the king.[30] However, the pensions and privileges necessary to live in a style appropriate to their rank were only possible by waiting constantly on Louis.[16] For this purpose, an elaborate court ritual was created where the king became the centre of attention and was observed throughout the day by the public. With his excellent memory, Louis could then see who attended him at court and who was absent, facilitating the subsequent distribution of favours and positions. Another tool Louis used to control his nobility was censorship, which often involved the opening of letters to discern their author's opinion of the government and king.[30] Moreover, by entertaining, impressing, and domesticating them with extravagant luxury and other distractions, Louis not only cultivated public opinion of him, but also ensured the aristocracy remained under his scrutiny. This, along with the prohibition of private armies, prevented them from passing time on their own estates and in their regional power-bases, from which they historically waged local wars and plotted resistance to royal authority.[31] Louis thus compelled and seduced the old military aristocracy (the "nobility of the sword") into becoming his ceremonial courtiers, further weakening their power. In their place, Louis raised commoners or the more recently ennobled bureaucratic aristocracy (the "nobility of the robe"). He judged that royal authority thrived more surely by filling high executive and administrative positions with these men because they could be more easily dismissed than nobles of ancient lineage with entrenched influence. It is believed that Louis's policies were rooted in his experiences during the Fronde, when men of high birth readily took up the rebel cause against their king, who was actually the kinsman of some. This victory over the nobility may have then in fact ensured the end of major civil wars in France until the French Revolution about a century later.
Personal life
Louis and his wife Maria Theresa of Spain had six children from the marriage contracted for them in 1660. However, only one child, the eldest, survived to adulthood: Louis, le Grand Dauphin, known as Monseigneur. Maria Theresa died in 1683, whereupon Louis remarked that she had caused him unease on no other occasion.
Despite evidence of affection early on in their marriage, Louis did not remain faithful to Maria Theresa for long. He took a series of mistresses, both official and unofficial, among them Louise de La Vallière, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, and Angélique de Fontanges. Through these liaisons, he produced numerous illegitimate children, most of whom he married to members of cadet branches of the royal family..
Louis proved more faithful to his second wife, Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon.[48]
May 15, 1672: The Masasachusetts General Court enacts the first copyright law in the colonies.[49]
May 15, 1750: The pleadings and testimony in this cause, with the briefs of counsel on the part
of Pennsylvania, fill the whole of Volume XVI. of the Second Series of Pennsylvania Archives, and the decision by Lord Chancellor Hardwicke in favor of Pennsylvania, on May 15, 1750, the lawyer will find reported in Penn v. Lord Baltimore, 1 Vesey Sr., 444.[50]
May 15, 1758
Valentine Crawford to John Crawford, May 15, 1758, Reciepts
Received of Lt. Crawford ten shillings and ten Recruiting Expences given under my hand this 15th day of May 1758. [51]
May 15, 1758
Received of Lt. Crawford Seven and six pence. Recruiting Expences given under my hand this 15th May 1758 Val Crawford[52]
May 15-16, 1776: Battle of the Cedars - May 15 - May 16, 1776.[53]
May 15, 1776 the Continental Congress, in response to escalating hostilities which had commenced thirteen months earlier at the battles of Lexington and Concord, urged that the colonies begin constructing their own constitutions, a precursor to becoming independent states. The resolution to draft independent constitutions was, as Adams put it, "independence itself."
Over the next decade, Americans from every state gathered and deliberated on new governing documents. As radical as it was to actually write constitutions (prior convention suggested that a society's form of government needn't be codified, nor should its organic law be written down in a single document), what was equally radical was the nature of American political thought as the summer of 1776 dawned.
Thoughts on Government
At that time several Congressmen turned to Adams for advice about framing new governments. Adams tired of repeating the same thing, and published the pamphlet Thoughts on Government (1776), which was subsequently influential in the writing of many state constitutions. Many historians argue that Thoughts on Government should be read as an articulation of the classical theory of mixed government. Adams contended that social classes exist in every political society, and that a good government must accept that reality. For centuries, dating back to Aristotle, a mixed regime balancing monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy, or the monarch, nobles, and people was required to preserve order and liberty.
Using the tools of Republicanism in the United States, the patriots believed it was corrupt and nefarious aristocrats, in the English Parliament and stationed in America, who were guilty of the British assault on American liberty. Unlike others, Adams thought that the definition of a republic had to do with its ends, rather than its means. He wrote in Thoughts on Government, "there is no good government but what is republican. That the only valuable part of the British constitution is so; because the very definition of a republic is 'an empire of laws, and not of men.'" Thoughts on Government defended bicameralism, for "a single assembly is liable to all the vices, follies, and frailties of an individual." He also suggested that the executive should be independent, as should the judiciary. Thoughts on Government was enormously influential and was referenced as an authority in every state-constitution writing hall. Trumbull's Declaration of Independence depicts the five-man committee presenting the draft of the Declaration of Independence to Congress. Adams is standing in the center with his hand on his hip. Trumbull's Declaration of Independence depicts the five-man committee presenting the draft of the Declaration of Independence to Congress. Adams is standing in the center with his hand on his hip. [54]
May 1, 1777 to May 15, 1780
Winch, Thomas, Framingham (also given Norfolk).List of men raised to serve in the Continental Army from 2d co., 5th Middlesex Co. regt., as returned by Lieut. Lawson Buckminster to Col. Micah Stone; residence, Framingham; engaged for town of Framingham; joined Capt. Brewer's co., Col. Brewer's regt.; term, 3 years; also, Fifer, Major's co., Col. Ebenezer Sprout's regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from May 1, 1777, to May 15, 1780; also, Private, Capt. Brewer's co., Col. Brewer's regt.; return dated Camp Valley Forge, January 23, 1778; residence, Norfolk; enlisted for town of Norfolk; mustered by State Muster Master.[55]
May 15, 1797: The first special session of Congress convenes, to debate a crisis in French-American relations.[56]
May 15, 1816: Joseph and his (2d wife) Anne Everard Bolling (Duval) Cabell had issue:
. Joseph H., b. November 23, 1815; d. May 15, 1816. [57]
May 15, 1844: Miss Sarah C. Pyle, who was born in Clark county, Ohio. May 15. 1844 and prior to her marriage engaged in teachng. Her parents, John and Catherine Myers) Pyle, were both natives of West Virginia, whence they removed to Ohio in pioneer times, the father there passing away in 1846. The mother made her home with her daughter Mrs. Goodlove, until her death in 1894, when she departed this life at the age of eighity eight years. Mrs. Goodlove is the youngest in their family of six children.
Unto our subject and his wife have been born six children, three daughters and three sons, as follows: Nettie I., the wife of Richard Gray, a resident of San Antonio, Texas; Willis R., of Maine township; Oscar S.; Cora A., the wife of Thomas Wilkinson, also of Maine township. Earl L., who also resides in the same township; and Jessie P., the wife of Richard Boudish, of Maine township.
The parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Goodlove is a republican in his political views and has served as township trustee and as member of the school board. He is a member of Milon Mills Post, No. 212, G.A.R. He is as loyal to the interests of his country today as he was in the dark days of the Civil war when he followed the old flag on southern battle fields. He is now one of the few remaining veterans and, having spent an upright and honorable life, receives the veneration and respect which should ever be accorded to one of his years.[58]
May 15, 1853:
1-5-5-1-1-4-4
AMY WINANS b September 19, 1834 in Shelby Co., Ohio d March 31, 1929 at Los Angeles, Calif. buried at Santa Ana, Calif. md May 15, 1853 at Quincy, Ohio James Dotson Cornell b January 13, 1831 at Quincy, Logan,
Ohio d October 8, 1907 at Springville, Iowa son of Benjamin and Sophia (Cornell Family Bible says Lephia and James' death certificate says Lepha) (Hammond) Cornell. [59]
May 15, 1861: Deeply religious, Lee attended Episcopal services when there was one near the army post. From Arlington, Virginia, the Lees attended the Christ Episcopal Church in Alexandria, which she and Robert had both attended in childhood.
Lee taught her female slaves to read and write and was an advocate of eventual emancipation. She did not free her slaves, but could have under state law of the time. She suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, which became increasingly debilitating with advancing age. By 1861, she was using a wheelchair.
With the advent of the American Civil War, Robert and their sons were called to service in Virginia. Mary Custis Lee delayed evacuating Arlington House until May 15, 1861. Early that month, Robert wrote to his wife saying:
War is inevitable, and there is no telling when it will burst around you . . . You have to move and make arrangements to go to some point of safety which you must select. The Mount Vernon plate and pictures ought to be secured. Keep quiet while you remain, and in your preparations . . . May God keep and preserve you and have mercy on all our people.[7][60]
May 15, 1862: The Department of Agriculture is created by act of Congress.[61]
Sun. May 15, 1864:
Marched 3 m and laid on red river levee until 5 am went past where our boats were taken marched until 1 oclock at night. Camped near fort gerersia (uransuro)[62]
William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry
May 15, 1864: Battle of New Market of VA.[63] The 18th Virginia Cavalry participated. [64]
May 15, 1864: The 18th Cav was part of the Confederate force that guarded the Shenandoah Valley in 1863 and 1864. It participated in the Valley Campaign of 1864, including the Battle of New Market (May 15). [65]
On May 15, 1865, Captain Theodore McGowan, who had been seated on the south side of the Dress Circle testified during the Conspiracy Trial that “He [Booth} took a small pack of visiting cards from his pocket, selecting one and replacing the others, stood a second, perhaps, with it in his hand, and then showed it to the President’s messenger, who was sitting just below him. Whether the messenger took the card into the box, or , after looking at it, allowed him to go in, I do not know, but in a moment or two more, I saw him go through the door of the lobby leading to the box, and closed the door.[66] Two years later Dr. Charles Leale, who was also seated on the south side of the Dress Circle, wrote that “I saw a man speaking with another near the door [to the Presidential box] and endeavoring to enter which he at last succeeded in doing after which the door was closed.”[67] [68]
May 15, 1867: Thomas F. Nix (b. May 15, 1867 / d. July 26, 1908 in Cullman Co. AL).[69]
May 15, 1881: Emma Florence Cornell b September 1, 1861 at Bristow, Butler, Ia. d July 14, 1932 at Clarinda, Ia. (believed to be buried at Truro, Ia. but if not at Des Moines, Ia. with husband) md May 15, 1881 Ira Strait b January 20, 1860 at Kanakee Co., Ill. son of George W. Strait d April 14, 1904 at Des Moines, Ia. [70]
May 15, 1896: Margaret Rowell (b. May 15, 1896 in GA)[71]
May 15, 1936: Upon al-Husseini's initiative, the leaders of Palestinian Arab clans formed the Arab Higher Committee under the Mufti's chairmanship. The Committee called for nonpayment of taxes after May 15 and for a general strike of Arab workers and businesses, demanding an end to the Jewish immigration. The British High Commissioner for Palestine, Sir Arthur Wauchope, responded by engaging in negotiations with al-Husseini and the Committee. The talks, however, soon proved fruitless. Al-Husseini issued a series of warnings, threatening the 'revenge of God Almighty' unless the Jewish immigration were to stop, and the general strike began, paralyzing the government, public transportation, Arab businesses and agriculture.[89][72]
May 15, 1939: The Ravensbruck concentration camp for women is established in Germany.[73]
May 15, 1940: The Dutch Army surrenders to the Germans as the French withdraw.[74]
• In France, German forces break through the French lines at Sedan.
•
• Mid May 1940: In mid May 1940, despairing of their ability to secure control of Iraq's oil fields and deny access to Germany, the British turned to the extremist Irgun, approaching one of its commanders, David Raziel, whom they had imprisoned in Palestine. They asked him if he would undertake to destroy Iraq's oil refineries, and thus turn off the spigots to Germany. Raziel agreed on condition he be allowed to kidnap the Mufti and bring him back to Palestine. The mission plan was changed at the last moment, however, and Raziel died when his plane was shot down by a German fighter.[116][117]
When the Anglo-Iraqi War broke out, like many clerics in Iraq, al-Husseini issued a fatwa for a holy war against Britain. When the coup d'état failed, - what little German and Italian assistance was given played a negligible role in the war[118] - he escaped to Persia, where he was granted legation asylum first by Japan, and then by Italy. [75]
May 15, 1941: A law is passed in Romania permitting Jews to be drafted for forced labor.[76]
Between May 15 and August 15, 1941:
Approximately 475,000 Jews were deported from Hungary in about 170 train loads of Hungarian Jews were sent to the death camp at Auchwitz. [77]
May 15, 1942: Gas rationing begins in 17 states in the United States.[78]
May 15, 1942 - an enemy "snooper" appeared on Enterprise's radar, 70 miles out. The plane was allowed to approach. In a short while, Enterprise's intelligence unit overheard a contact report sent by the snooper. Fighters were scrambled, but were unable to intercept the first snooper, nor the several that soon arrived to radio contact reports of their own. Sure that Task Force 16 - and the two carriers - had been sighted and reported, Halsey turned his force due east. The next day, Task Force 16 was ordered to "expedite return" to Pearl Harbor ... and to avoid being sighted again.
This ploy, and overly optimistic assessments of Coral Sea, led Japanese intelligence to conclude that three US fleet carriers, at most, were operating in the Pacific: Enterprise, Hornet, and possibly Wasp CV-7. By allowing Halsey's force to be sighted on May 15, Nimitz intended to convince the Japanese that Enterprise and Hornet were deep in the south Pacific, and forestall any operation in that area that Japan might have planned. This, in turn, freed Nimitz to commit both carriers to operations in the north Pacific, over two thousand miles away. [79]
May 15, 1944Between May 15 and July 9, 437,000, primarily Hungarian Jews are deported to Auschwitz. Most of those sent to Auschwitz are gassed soon after their arrival.[80]
Laszlo Csatary, Most-Wanted Nazi War Criminal, Found In Hungary
Posted: 07/16/2012 1:25 pm Updated: 07/16/2012 3:14 pm
Laszlo Csatary
One of the last most-wanted Nazi war criminals still at large has been found living comfortably in Budapest and the group that has been hunting him for decades is urging Hungarian prosecutors to finally bring him to justice.
Laszlo Csatary, who is accused of helping send 15,700 Jews to their death at Auschwitz, was photographed by Britain's tabloid Sun newspaper, which identified him as Ladislaus Csizsik-Csatary, living in a two-bedroom apartment in a "smart district" of the city. The photos show the fugitive, now 97, standing at his door wearing just socks and underpants.
The newspaper quoted him denying complicity with the Holocaust-era killings but last week the Nazi-hunting Simon Wiesenthal Center submitted new evidence to Hungarian prosecutors on the man who is No. 1 on its most-wanted list.
The Center said Csatary was a senior police officer in the Slovakian city of Kassa (now known as Kosice), then under Hungarian rule. In 1941, he is said to have played a "key role" in the deportation of 300 Jews to Ukraine, where they were killed.
As a “commander” in the Royal Hungarian Police in Kassa, Csatary is accused of complicity in the deportations of thousands of other Jews from Kosice and the surrounding area to the Auschwitz death camp in the spring of 1944. According to the Wiesenthal Center, witnesses reported that he oversaw the Jewish ghetto with extreme cruelty, whipping women and forcing them to dig holes with their bare hands.
“Several thousand Jewish families have felt sorrow and hurt because of this man and it would be a disgrace, for the entire Hungarian nation, if Csatary were to escape justice,” Peter Feldmajer, president of the Hungarian Jewish Community, told the Sun.
Cstary was sentenced in abstentia to death by a Czech court after the war. By then he had fled to Canada, where he worked under a false identity as an art dealer. He was discovered in the mid-1990s but disappeared before the Canadian government could deport him. His whereabouts were unknown for 15 years until he was tracked down in a quiet neighborhood of Budapest.[81]
May 15, 1944: Erich Gottlieb born April 29, 1911. Transport AAm- Olomouc
Terezin July 4, 1942. Dz- May 15, 1944 Osvetim.[82]
May 15, 1963 Jack Ruby first contacts Harold Tannenbaum of the Old French Quarter
Opera House on bourbon St. in New Orleans. Tannenbaum is a key man in running several
sleazy operations for associates of New Orleans mob boss Carlos Marcello. Ostensibly, Ruby’s
reason for calling is that he is on the hunt for new nightclub acts. [83]
Child of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips:
Zara Phillips
May 15, 1981
July 30, 2011
Mike Tindall
Daughter (unnamed)
[84]
May 15, 2009: Elizabeth Norton. Jane Seymour: Henry VIII's True Love, Amberley Publishing, May 15, 2009. p. 8. Google eBook[85]
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[1] wikipedia
[2] wikipedia
[3] wikipedia
[4] Secret Access: the Vatican, 12/22/10.
[5] wikipedia
[6] wikipedia
[7] wikipedia
[8] Wikipedia
[9] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[10] wikipedia
[11] wikipedia
[12] The Ten Lost Tribes, A World History by Zvi Ben-Dor Benite
[13] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[14] wikipedia
[15] wikipedia
[16] wikipedia
[17] wikipedia
[18] wikipedia
[19] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[20] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[21] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[22] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[23] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[24] Biographical sources: The Calendar of State Papers Domestic (England): Reigns of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I (vols. XXIII-XLIII); The Calendar of State Papers (Scotland) (vols. I & II); The Calendar of State Papers Relating to English Affairs (vol. VIII); "The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, & the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant" (Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing, rep. 2000), 11: 82.
[25] http://www.archontology.org/nations/uk/scotland/stuart1/darnley.php
[26] * The joy which she felt, in the first moment of her triumph,
when she had made him disclaim the murderers of Riccio, had
nearly caused her to forget the faults of her unworthy husband ;
but latterly, recalling with horror the ingratitude and baseness of his
conduct, she could not avoid despising him.
[27] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[28] \_Autograpli. — State Paper Office^ London ; Scotch Royal Letters.']
[29] j The contents of this letter show that Queen Elizabeth had the
small-pox, and that Mary had had it in France, during the life of
Henry II, as Fernel (see subsequent note) was physician to that
monarch. This circumstance is extremely important, for it ex-
plains how Mary could remain without any risk beside Darnley,
when he was seized with that malady, whilst she dared not ex-
pose to it the young prince her son. (See Recueil^ torn. ii. p. 1.)
[30] § The English ambassador.
[31] * John Fernel, born at Montdidier, in the diocese of Amiens,
was first physician to Henry II, at whose court he is said to have
advanced himself by discovering a secret to make the queen, Cathe-
rine of Médicis, fruitful. Be that as it may, he was a very great
favourite of her Majesty, and received many valuable marks of her
esteem. He died, in consequence of grief for the loss of his wife,
26th April (April 26) 1558, aged fifty-two ; and was interred in the church
of St. Jaques de la Boucherie of Paris, at the expense of his son-
in-law, Pliilibert Barjot, master of requests, and president of the
council. He was the author of several works of merit connected
with his profession.
[32] Endorsed :—M?iy 1566. The Q. of Scotts to y' Q. Ma*y.
By De Malvisier.*
[33] * See in the Royal Library at Paris, Harlay Collection, MS.
218, the letter which Du Croc addresses to Catherine de Medicis,
three days after, and which Mr. P. F. Tytler has printed in his
History of Scotland, vol. vii. p. 455, from a copy which I gave .
him. " Thursday {the very day of her marriage^ her Majesty sent ^'
[34] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[35] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[36] wikipedia
[37] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[38] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[39] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[40] * See in Lodge, vol. ii. p. 154, the letter written by Elizabeth,
25th June 1577, to the Earl and Countess of Shrewsbury, ex-
pressive of her thanks for all the marked attentions which they had
paid to Leicester.
[41] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[42] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[43] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[44] * See in Murdin, p. 516, the letter from Charles Paget to Mary
May 29, 1586. The details into which he enters regarding
Ballard prove that this ecclesiastic was altogether unknown to the
Queen of Scots, and that she had never previously heard of him.
[45] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[46] wikipedia
[47] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[48] wikipedia
[49] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[50] http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/1905AccountofVirginiaBoundaryContraversy.pdf
[51] George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799: Series 4. General Correspondence. 1697-1799
[52] George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799: Series 4. General Correspondence. 1697-1799
[53] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[54] http://www.geni.com/people/John-Adams-2nd-President-of-the-USA-Signer-of-the-Declaration-of-Independence/6000000012593135757
[55] About Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution, 17 Vols.Prepared by the Secretary of the Commonwealth, this is an indexed compilation of the records of the Massachusetts soldiers and sailors who served in the army or navy during the...
[56] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[57] The McKenney-Hall Portrait Gallery of American Indians by James D. Horan page 324.
[58] History of Linn County pgs. 374-375 Public Library of Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
[59] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[60]
[61] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[62] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[63] (State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.)
[64] Jim Funkhouser email, June 16, 2010.
[65] Jim Funkhouser email, June 16, 2010.
[66] Conspiracy Trial Testimony , Major Theodore McGowan National Archioves, Washington, D.C. M-600.
[67] Dr. Charles Lewale letter, July 1867, Library of Congress, 39th Congress, 39th Congressional Record, 2nd Session, Washington, D.C.
[68] Http://www.nps.gov/archive/foth/linsecur.htm
[69] Proposed Descendants of William SMythe
[70] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[71] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[72] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini#World_War_I
[73] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1761.
[74] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[75] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini#World_War_I
[76] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1765.
[77] Adolf Eichmann: Hitler’s Master of Death.1998. HISTI
[78] On This Day in America byu John Wagman.
[79] http://www.cv6.org/1942/midway/midway_3.htm
[80] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1778.
[81] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/16/laszlo-csatary-nazi-war-criminal-hungary_n_1676702.html
[82] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Ob
[83] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[84] wikipedia
[85] wikipedia
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