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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
Birthdays on March 12…
Cephous C. Burch (8th cousin 3x removed)
A.D. Craig
Robert B. Davidson (3rd cousin 6x removed)
Megan L. Hosford (2nd cousin 1x removed)
John F. Kirby (grandfather of ex)
Jan R. Krug (husband of 1st cousin)
Frederick L. LeClere (great granduncle)
Martha McCormick (5th cousin 2x removed)
Ethel L. Morris Wolvin (3rd cousin 2x removed)
Mary Reynolds Lemen (mother in law of the 2nd cousin 7x removed)
J. M. Soisson (6th cousin 1x removed)
Charles A. Taylor
March 12, 515: 515 BCE: On the secular calendar the construction of the Second Temple was completed. (Book of Ezra, 6:15 “And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.” Darius began his reign in 522 BCE.) [1]
515-490 BC: Joshua, (27th cousin 63x removed) High Priest of Israel, son of Jehozadak, ca. 515-490 BC, after the restoration of the Temple[2]
Joshua the High Priest (Hebrew name יהושע כהן גדול Yəshúa Hebrew pronunciation: [jeˈʃuăʕ]; Greek: Ἰησοῦς; Latin: Josue) was, according to the Bible the first person chosen to be the High Priest for the reconstruction of the Jewish Temple after the return of the Jews from the Babylonian Captivity (See Zechariah 6:9-14 in the Bible.) The name is also spelled 'Jeshua' in some English versions [1], and, as with the earlier Joshua, is transcribed 'Jesus' in the Septuagint.
Life
Joshua son of Josedech served as High Priest ca.515-490 BCE in the common List of High Priests of Israel. This dating is based on the period of service age 25-50 (per Book of Numbers 8) not age 30-50 (per Numbers 4).
The biblical text credits Joshua among the leaders that inspired a momentum towards the reconstruction of the temple, in Ezra 5:2. Later 10:18 some of the his sons and nephews are found guilty of intermarriage.
Facts concerning the later part of Joshua's life are in part dependent upon whether Joshua was still alive at the time of his appearance in a vision by Zechariah. If the vision relates to Nehemiah's cleansing of the temple in Neh.13:28 then the engagement of Joshua's great-great-grandson to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite would place Joshua in his late 90s if he were still alive.[2]
Appearance in Vision
In the Book of Zechariah 3:6-10 Zechariah the prophet experiences a vision given to him by an angel of the Lord in which the restoration and cleansing of Joshua’s priestly duties are affirmed. Included in the visions were requirements in which Joshua was expected to uphold. These included: (1) walk in the ways of God, (2) keeping the requirements (the law), (3) ruling God’s house, (4) take charge of my courts; by fulfilling these duties the angel in the Book of Zachariah granted access to the inner temple to Joshua and his fellow priest. The vision also functioned to purify Joshua and to sanctify him for the preparations of his priestly duties.
Alternatively, if Joshua had in fact died before the events of Nehemiah 13 then it is possible that the vision intended to depict a heavenly throneroom scene of Satan and the angel disputing over the soul of Joshua, and the intended target of the allegory is the then serving high priest, his grandson, Eliashib.[3]
Tomb
In 1825, the traditional tomb of Joshua was reported to have been found at "one hour's distance from Baghdad."[4] [3][4]
515BCE: Jews begin replacing the personal name of God, YHWH, with more general epithets such as “God of Israel.”
514-512 B.C.
Cyrus the Great and Darius I of Persia campaigned against the Scythians (Darius from 514-512) who had settled north of the Black Sea. Crossing the Dniester, the Scythians advanced along the lower Danube into the Balkans, and into the Pannonian Plains and the area soth of the Carpathians. An additional advance brought them into Brandenburg (fint at Vettersfelde). Apart from the advance southward into the areas of the early riverine civilizations, the attacks also thrust to the west. The Scythians and Cimmerians reached Eastern Germany, Bavaria and with the Thracians, Northern Italy.[5]
509 B.C. to 395 A.D.:
[6]
500 BCE: Persian Empire: 2.1 Million Square Miles.[7]
500 BCE: The age old problem of evil, of why the righteous suffer and the wicked thrive, is pointedly addressed in the Book of Job. A legendary tale written in the Persian period describes a pious Gentile who refuses to curse God even after he has been bereaved of his estate and his children. This tale has been subverted by a dramatic poem in which Job insists that God is persecuting him unjustly and demands that God defend Job’s suffering. The book refutes the notion held by Job’s challengers that all suffering signifies divine punishment for sinning.[8]
500 BCE: Yirmeyahu/Yechezkel, major prophets.[9]
500 BCE: The distinct Mayan culture began to emerge about 500 B.C. as an offshoot of the Omec civilization.[10]
c. 500 B.C.: Gourd Shaped Vessel, Tlatilco, Valley of Mexico, Mexico.
500 to 400 B.C.: Female Figure, Tlatilco, Valley of Mexico, Mexico
[15]
500 to 400 B.C.: Female Figurines, Tlatilco, Valley of Mexico, Mexico
[16]
500 to 300 B.C.: Standing Female Figurines, Chupicauaro, Guanajuato, or Michoacan, Mexico, Ceramic and pigment.
[18]
500 to 300 B.C.: Female Figurines, Chupicuaro, Guanajuato or Michoacan, Mexico, Ceramic and pigment.
c. 500 B.C.–A.D. 200
Adena Culture
Named for the estate called Adena near Chilicothe, Ohio, where their earthwork mounds were first found. Culture was centered in present southern Ohio, but also lived in Pennsylvania, Indiana, Kentucky, and West Virginia. Were the pioneer mound builders in the U.S. and constructed spectacular burial and effigy mounds. Settled in villages of circular post-and-wattle houses. Primarily hunter-gatherers, they farmed corn, tobacco, squash, pumpkins, and sunflowers at an early date. Important sites: The Adena Mound, Ohio; Grave Creek Mound, W.V.; Monks Mound, Ill., is the largest mound. May have built the Great Serpent Mound in Ohio.[19]
500 B.C. to 400 A.D.
[20]
[21]
500 BCE to 500 CE map
[22]
Despite their enforced separateness, Jewish communities in the Diaspora adopt many customs of the surrounding cultures. Integrating non-Jews into the community through marriage is common practice. Many also convert to Christianity.[23]
*100_3884
500 B.C. to 500 A.D. 2500 to 1500 years old: Waubesa Contracting Stem Point. Middle to Early Woodland. [24]
500 BC-
AD 900+
Woodland culture Indians of Illinois develop maize agriculture, build villages and burial mounds, invent the bow and arrow for hunting, and begin making pottery.
[25]
497 B.C.:The Saturnalia reflects the contradictory nature of the deity Saturn himself: "there are joyful and utopian aspects of careless well-being side by side with disquieting elements of threat and danger".[59]
As a god of agricultural bounty, Saturn embodied prosperity and wealth in general. The name of his consort Ops, whose festival Opalia was celebrated December 19, meant "Wealth, Resources." The Temple of Saturn, the ruins of which still stand, housed the state treasury (aerarium Saturni), and was the administrative headquarters of the quaestors, the public officials whose duties included oversight of the mint. It was among the oldest cult sites in Rome, and had been the location of "a very ancient" altar (ara) even before the building of the first temple in 497 BC.[60][26]
496 B.C.
Jeremiah and Ezekiel- Major prophets.[27]
495 BCE:
The earliest of the 100 Aramaic papyruses and 350 Aramaic ostraca found at Elephantine is executed. Nearly all these documents reflect the legal and political activities of the 5th-century Jewish colony, which largely follows common Aramaic practice. In contrast to later rabbinic law, for example, women engage in business and initiate divorce actions. These Jews live among Gentiles and evidence no use of Hebrew. Among their literary texts is an Aramaic version of the proverbs of the Assyrian courtier, Ahiqar.[28]
490C. The Battle of Marathon.[29]
490 BCE: Judah’s numbers grow as more exiles return from Babylon. It would seem the high priest administers Persian rule, accusing local Jews of sedition to insure Persian support.[30]
490-470 BC: Joiakim, High Priest of Israel, son of Joshua, ca. 490-470 BC.[31] Joiakim (high priest)
The mystery surrounding the identity of Joiakim is rather convoluted. Biblical texts seem to conflict with one another, as we will detail. In a similar fashion the history of Josephus (Antiq. 11:121) mentions Joiakim, or 'Joacim' but does not include many details regarding his identity or role.
Biblical Citations
-1 Esdras 3:9; 5:5 (Joiakim is referred to as the son of Zerubbabel) The Esdras genealogy of Zerubbabel's sons is considered to be highly confused. [1] [2]
-1 Chronicles 3:19 (Does not mention Joiakim as son of Zerubbabel, and there is no reference to Joiakim's role as a priest of the David line)[3]
-Judith 4:6-7; 4:8; 4:14; 15:8 (Recognizes Joiakim as a High Priest that hold religious and military authority)[2]
-Because there is no evidence that a high priest would exercise such a wide range of powers, some scholars believe that Joiakim may be a pseudonym for a person from either the Hasmonean period, the time of Trajan or Hadrian, or as a "representative figure of the priesthood in general."[4]
-Nehemiah 12:10, 26 However, "this list is artificial and problematic, but its existence reflects the importance of priests and Levites in this period." [1] (Identifies Joiakim as a High Priest, the son of Jeshua)[3]
-Susanna 1:1,4,6,28,29,63 (The book of Susanna states that Joiakim was the husband of Susanna, a very rich man living in Babylon and the most honored Jew of them all, however according the New Oxford Annotated Bible it appears that this Joiakim is not connected to other Joaikim's in the Bible (confirmed by Josephus))[2]
Josephus
-Joiakim may have aided in he rebuilding of the temple, if he was a son of Joshua.[5]
-Joiakim is also labeled as a contemporary of Esdras[6]
-Joiakim and Esdras may even have worked alongside on another, filling the Priestly role; Joiakim is called the "High Priest" while Esdras is referred to as the "Principal Priest of the People".[7]
-Due to the prominent role of Esdras, as evidenced in Ant. 11:120-11:158, theories have been suggested that Esdras actually replaced Joiakim as High Priest.
-Josephus used unknown sources to conclude the following, "And it was his [Ezra's] fate, after being honoured by the people, to die an old man to be buried with great magnificence in Jerusalem. About the same time also died the high priest Joakeimos, whom his son Eliashib succeeded in the high priesthood[8]
-The combination of 1 Esdras and the way Josephus interpreted certain biblical passages, lead him to believe Joiakim and Ezra were contemporaries.
-Josephus also took liberties to fill in the gaps between Ezra 6 and 7,"in which one jumps from the reign of Darius I (522-486 BCE) to that of Artaxerses I (465-424 BCE) by relating the Ezra story to the days of the intervening monarch Xerxes. For this maneuver, he found support in Nehemiah 12, which seems to make Ezra the contemporary of the second high priest Joiakim who very likely served during Xerxes' reign."[32]
486 BCE: Xerxes is probably the King Ahasueras (Persian, Khshayarsha) remembered in the biblical story of Esther.[33]
486-465 B.C.
Queen Vashtl is deposed. The events in Ester took place during the reign of Xerxes (486-465 B.C.). Ester 1:1-4:17.[34]
100_2209[35]
100_2210[36]
486 to 465 B.C.
From Darius to Artaxerxes I (485—425)
The early part of this period for Judah is obscure. The last years of the reign of Darius were especially marked by unrest; Egypt rebelled. Some unrest may have been created in Judah, though it probably was stirred up by the local enemies of the Jews (Ezra iv 6) rather than by the Jews themselves. Such seems to have been the case especially at the beginning of a new regime. A Jewish revolt of major proportions in 485 B.c. does not appear probable. Rather, despite every encouragement from the Persian authorities, matters do not seem to have improved after the completion of the temple. Much of the trouble was due, in all probability, to the lack of dynamic leadership in the community after the disappearance of Zerubbabel. The relationship of the returnees to the people of the land—both the Jews who remained after 586 and the Samaritans— was never quite clear until the coming of Nehemiah. The territory occupied by the returned Jews was at best small—the area of Jerusalem and its environs as far as Mizpah and Jericho toward the north and east, and Keilah, Beth-zur, and Tekoa toward the south; the valleys toward the west remained in other hands. Lack of clear-cut title to the land must have been discouraging, making for a half-hearted life and provoking just enough concern to eke out the barest existence for the majority of people. The upper classes manipulated their way to much better situations, especially after the voices of Haggai and Zechariah had been quieted. [37]
The book of Ezra covers a time period of eighty years, beginning with Cyrus’s proclamation in 538 B.C. and ending with Ezra’s arrival in Jerusalem in 458 B.C. Ezra 1:1-4. [38]
486-424 BCE
100_1438
10 ton Colossal Bulls head, reign of Xerxes and Artaxerxes, 486-424 B.C. Persepolus, 100 column hall, Iran.[39]
100_1440
Photographer Sherri Maxson at the Oriental Museum at the University of Chicago, 12/20/2008.
480 B.C.
Judgment on Israel’s Enemies. Zachariah’s final prophecies are undated, but they are thought to have been given as late as 480 B.C. Zechariah 9:1-17.[40]
March 12, 604: Pope Gregory I passed away. Born in 540, Gregory was Pope from 590 until 604. The great prelate was a vigorous foe of Judaism, a religion he believed was based on depravity. In his eyes, “the Jewish understanding of scripture was perverse.” He sought to keep Jews and Christians apart. He forbade Christians from using Jewish doctors and would not let the clergy employee Jews as clerks. Jews were not to hold public office, build new synagogues, marry non-Jews or convert Christians to Judaism. But Gregory was not an unmitigated anti-Semite. On several occasions he protected the private property and synagogue of European Jews. One of his writings summed up the view, “ Just as it is not befitting to permit Jews in their communitiies to go beyond the boundaries of what is permissible by law, so also the rights they alread have should not be diminished.”[41]
605:
The Holy Prophet arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black Stone in the Kaaba.[42]
610: In 610 the Persian King Chosroes II declared war on the Empire. Which for eight years had been ruled by a savage and incompetent usurper, Phocas. [43]
610: Muhammad ibn Abdallah was an Arab merchant of the thriving city of Mecca in the Hijaz, who had never read the Bible and probably never heard of Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel had an experience that was uncannily similar to theirs. [1] [44]
One night in the year 610, when Muhammad was about 40 years old, he was alone in the cave. The angel Gabriel appeared and told Muhammad that Allah was the only God, and that He wanted Muhammad to recite his message to the world. Muhammad was frightened and confused, but when he returned home his wife and cousin Ali comforted him. Over the next three years, as Muhammad received other revelations from God, he began to share the message with his family and friends in Mecca.[2] [45]
Muhammad had a divine revelation that he was one in the great line of prophets stretching back from Jesus to Abraham.[3] [46]
According to Islamic tradition, Allah dictated His word to Muhammad over more than two decades, beginning during the month of Ramadan in 610.[5] [47]
Over a period of several years, Muhammad’s quiet preaching attracted a group of about 30 committed followers. These included his wife Khadija; his younger cousin Ali; his adopted son Zayd ibn Haritha; and a wealthy and respected merchant named Abu Bakr. Most of Muhammad’s other followers were poor people and women. Muhammad’s message appealed to them because it called for the establishment of a community that would not only revere the one true God, but also treat all of its members with fairness, equality, and respect.[48]
The word of God, as revealed to Mohamed was compiled into Islam’s sacred book, the Koran. This text reflex Jewish and Christian traditions, recognizing Moses, Jesus and others as Prophets who set the stage for Mohamed.[49]
Islam considers itself to be a continuation of the religion brought in by Abraham, continued through Judaism, Christianity, ending by Islam. The Koran incorporates the Ten Commandments. It enforces a strict ban on religious imagery, a ban that extends depictions of Mohamed himself. [50]
• “Remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself fully to him.
• He is the lord of the east and the west.
• There is no God but He so take him as your guardian.”
• Koran 73. 8-9
•
610-620 CE: Visigothic Hispania: After many of his anti-Jewish edicts were ignored, King Sisebur prohibits Judaism. Those not baptized fled. This was the first incidence where a prohibition of Judaism affected an entire country.[51]
611: When the Persians invaded Syria the Emperor’s forces received no help from the local population. The invaders occupied Antioch in 611.[52]
612 Visigoth Spain, Jews expelled.[53]
613: Persia invades Damascus in 613.[54]
Around 613: Around 613 Muhammad began to proclaim his message to a wider audience. He told the people of Mecca that they should worship only Allah, that the idols in the Kaaba should be destroyed, and that the wealthy should share with the poor. Muhammad taught that all people must submit themselves to the will of Allah. [55]
The religion that developed around his teachings came to be called Islam, a name derived from the Arabic verb aslama, which means “submitted.” Followers of Islam became known as Muslims, or “those who submit.”[56]
To stop the spread of Muhammad’s message, the Quaraysh passed laws prohibiting all business and social relations with Muslims. Muhammad’s followers were persecuted. Some beaten and killed for their beliefs. Muhammad was beaten and threated with death. A group of Muslims left Mecca and fled to Africa, where they were sheltered in the Christian kingdom of Abyssinia.[57]
613 CE: Jews in Spain had to either embrace Christ or leave the country.[58]
614: Fifth Council of Paris decrees that all Jews holding military or civil positions must accept baptism, together with their families. [59]
614:
Invitation to the Hashimites to accept Islam.[60]
March 12, 1088: Pope Urban II elected, Urban II named Pope to 1099, appointed March 12 (Odo of Lagery). [61]
1089: Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury dies and post vacant four years, Beginning of 3rd Crusade. [62]
1090 : The Jewish community of Granada, which had recovered after the attacks of 1066, attacked again at the hands of the Almoravides led by Ibn Iashufin, bringing the golden age of Jewish culture in Spain to end.[63] Mechanical water clock invented in Kaifeng China, death of Kuo His the Chinese painter, Ingo I becomes king of Sweden, Hasan ibn al-Sabbah first “Old Man of the Mountain” founds Assassin sect in Persia, Wm II Invades Normandy to subdue brother. [64]
1090-1150 A.D.: Great Law of Peace
Gayanashagowa or the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois (or Haudenosaunee) Six Nations (Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, the Seneca and Tuscarora) is the oral constitution whereby the Iroquois Confederacy was bound together. The law was written on wampum belts, conceived by Deganawidah, known as The Great Peacemaker, and his spokesman Hiawatha. The original five member nations ratified this constitution near present-day Victor, New York, with the sixth nation (the Tuscarora) being added in ca. 1720.
Historians once thought the Iroquois Confederacy started in the 16th century, but a more recent estimate dates the confederacy and its constitution to between 1090 and 1150 AD. These estimates were based on the records of the confederacy leadership and astronomical dating related to a total solar eclipse that coincided with the founding of the Confederacy.[1]
The laws were first recorded and transmitted not in written language, but by means of wampum symbols that conveyed meaning. In a later era it was translated into English. The Great Law of Peace is divided into 117 articles. The united Iroquois nations are symbolized by an Eastern White Pine tree, called the Tree of Peace. Each nation or tribe plays a delineated role in the conduct of government.
Contents
Influence on the United States Constitution[edit]
Historians, including Donald Grinde of the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, have claimed that the democratic ideals of the Gayanashagowa provided a significant inspiration to Benjamin Franklin, James Madison and other framers of the United States Constitution. Franklin circulated copies of the proceedings of the 1744 Treaty of Lancaster among his fellow colonists; at the close of this document, the Six Nations leaders offer to impart instruction in their democratic methods of government to the English. John Rutledge of South Carolina, delegate to the Constitutional Convention, is said to have read lengthy tracts of Six Nations law to the other framers, beginning with the words "We, the people, to form a union, to establish peace, equity, and order..."[2] In October 1988, the U.S. Congress passed Concurrent Resolution 331 to recognize the influence of the Iroquois Constitution upon the American Constitution and Bill of Rights.[3]
The extent of the influence of Six Nations law on the US Constitution is disputed by other scholars.[4] Hodenashaunee historian Elizabeth Tooker has pointed to several differences between the two forms of government, notably that all decisions were made by a consensus of male chiefs who gained their position through a combination of blood descent and selection by female relatives, that representation on the basis of the number of clans in the group rather than the size or population of the clans, that the topics discussed were decided by a single tribe. Tooker concluded there is little resemblance between the two documents, or reason to believe the Six Nations had a meaningful influence on the American Constitution, and that it is unclear how much impact Canasatego's statement at Lancaster actually had on the representatives of the colonies.[5] Stanford University historian Jack N. Rakove argued against any Six Nations influence, pointing to lack of evidence in U.S. constitutional debate records, and examples of European antecedents for democratic institutions.[6]
Journalist Charles C. Mann has noted other differences between The Great Law of Peace and the original U.S. Constitution, including the original Constitution's denial of suffrage to women, and rule of majority as opposed to consensus.[7]
Example articles
§37: There shall be one war chief from each nation, and their duties shall be to carry messages for their chiefs, and to take up arms in case of emergency. They shall not participate in the proceedings of the Council of the League, but shall watch its progress and in case of an erroneous action by a chief, they shall receive the complaints of the people and convey the warnings of the women to him. The people who wish to convey messages to the chiefs of the League shall do so through the war chief of their nation. It shall always be his duty to lay the cases, questions, and propositions of the people before the council of the League.
§58: Any Chief or other person who submit to Laws of a foreign people are alienated and forfeit all claim in the Five Nations.
§101: It shall be the duty of the appointed managers of the Thanksgiving festivals to do all that is needful for carrying out the duties of the occasions. The recognized festivals of Thanksgiving shall be the Midwinter Thanksgiving, the Maple or Sugar-Making Thanksgiving, the Raspberry Thanksgiving, the Strawberry Thanksgiving, the Corn Planting Thanksgiving, the Corn Hoeing Thanksgiving, The Little Festival of Green Corn, the Great Festival of Ripe Corn, and the Complete Thanksgiving for the Harvest. Each nation's festivals shall be held in their Longhouses.
§107: A certain sign shall be known to all the people of the Five Nations which shall denote that the owner or occupant of a house is absent. A stick or pole in a slanting or leaning position shall indicate this and be the sign. Every person not entitled to enter the house by right of living within upon seeing such a sign shall not enter the house by day or by night, but shall keep as far away as his business will permit.[65]
March 12, 1144: Pope Lucius II (Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso) appointed. [66]
March 1208: King John Lackland (20th great grandfather) was incensed about what he perceived as an abrogation of his customary right as monarch to influence the election.[164] He complained both about the choice of Langton as an individual, as John felt he was overly influenced by the Capetian court in Paris, and about the process as a whole.[165] He barred Langton from entering England and seized the lands of the archbishopric and other papal possessions.[165] Innocent set a commission in place to try to convince John to change his mind, but to no avail. Innocent then placed an interdict on England in March 1208, prohibiting clergy from conducting religious services, with the exception of baptisms for the young, and confessions and absolutions for the dying.[166]
A photograph of a tall stone castle keep; most of the towers are square, but one is circular.
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf1/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Rochester Castle, one of the many properties owned by the disputed archbishopric of Canterbury, and an important fortification in the final years of John's reign
John treated the interdict as "the equivalent of a papal declaration of war".[167] He responded by attempting to punish Innocent personally and to drive a wedge between those English clergy that might support him and those allying themselves firmly with the authorities in Rome.[167] John seized the lands of those clergy unwilling to conduct services, as well as those estates linked to Innocent himself; he arrested the illicit concubines that many clerics kept during the period, only releasing them after the payment of fines; he seized the lands of members of the church who had fled England, and he promised protection for those clergy willing to remain loyal to him.[167] In many cases, individual institutions were able to negotiate terms for managing their own properties and keeping the produce of their estates.[168] By 1209 the situation showed no signs of resolution, and Innocent threatened to excommunicate John if he did not acquiesce to Langton's appointment.[169][67][68]
September 1215 to March 1216:
War with the barons
Main article: First Barons' War
A map of England showing King John's march north and back south with solid black and dashed arrows.
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf1/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
John's campaign from September 1215 to March 1216[69]
March 1296: The Scots forayed into England in March 1296—this incursion together with the French treaty angered the English king and provoked an invasion of Scotland taking Berwick.[70]
March 12: 1421: In Vienna, under the auspices of Archduke Albert of Austria, a combination of murder, libel and host-desecration charges brought about the destruction of the entire Jewish community. This was partly due to the revival of the crusader spirit of the Hussite Wars. Many Jews were forcibly baptized, others took their own lives. The rest were forced to leave. Later this became known as the Wiener Gezairah (The Vienna edict).[71]
At the behest of the Church, Duke Albrecht ordered the forcible conversion of the Jews of Austria. Those that had not converted or escaped or been sent off in the boats were burned at the stake on March 12, 1421, and their beautiful synagogue destroyed.[72]
With the death of Vivelin/Gutleben the history of our Swiss-Upper Rhine physician family is not yet at its end, however. Let us turn next to the physician Peter Gutleben, who practiced in the first half of the 15th century for several decades in Colmar. As the first name Peter already dindicates, this Gutleben was not a Jew, but a Christian. The last name and place of his activity indicate that we are dealing in all likelihood with Master Gutleben’s son Isaak, with whom the former had acquired the right to citizenship in Freiburg in Breisgau in 1373. Thus Isaak may have converted to Christianity in the last quarter of the 14th century at a date not exactly known to us a step which also the descendants of the Basel Jew Mathis of Colmar, who had been in personal contact with Gutleben, perhaps took, contrary to Ginsburger’s doubts. In a Basel document, in the year 1420, we encounter this Peter Gutleben as the husband of a certain Grete Pfetterhusen, a fact from which one must again conclude that Peter HGutleben was a Christian. However, in addition to that, he is given the identification of “from Friburg,” although he lived in Colmar at that time. Likely this classification comes from the time that Peter Gutleben, alias Isaak, spent in Freiburg. It is also possible that Isaak was baptized in Freiburg, as for example the infamous convert Hans from Strassburg who received baptism in that city in the 15th century, but in no way could have been a Jew from Strassburg.[73]
March 12, 1496: The Jews were expelled from Syria.[74]
March 12, 1517: In 1515, (temp. James V.) we find that Neill MacKinnon of Mishnish was at the head of the clan, and in 1517 he, in conjunction with MacLean of Dowart, petitioned the Regent and Council for free remission of all offences, to themselves and their “part-takers.” This remission was granted on March 12th, 1517. It was in the rebellion of Sir Donald Macdonald of Lochalsh that they had taken up arms. [75]
March 12, 1539: Thomas Boleyn,(father in law of the 7th cousin 15x removed) 1st Earl of Wiltshire
The Right Honourable
The Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond
KG KB
Thomas-Boleyn.JPG
The image is disputed; while it is traditionally held to be a likeness of Thomas Boleyn, historian David Starkey believes it is actually that of his cousin, James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond[1]
Lord Privy Seal
In office
1530–1536
Monarch
Henry VIII
Preceded by
Cuthbert Tunstall
Succeeded by
Sir Thomas Cromwell
Treasurer of the Household
In office
1521–1525
Monarch
Henry VIII
Preceded by
Sir Edward Poynings
Succeeded by
Sir William FitzWilliam
Personal details
Born
Thomas Boleyn
ca. 1477
Hever Castle
Hever, Kent
Kingdom of England
Died
March 12, 1539 (aged 61–62)
[76]
Resting place
St. Peter's Church
Hever, Kent
United Kingdom
Nationality
English
Spouse(s)
Lady Elizabeth Howard
Relations
Sir William Boleyn (Father)
Lady Margaret Butler (Mother)
Children
Mary Boleyn
Anne Boleyn
George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford
Residence
Hever Castle
Occupation
Diplomat, Politician
[77]
Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, 1st Earl of Ormond[2] KG[3] KB (c. 1477 – March 12, 1539) was an English diplomat and politician in the Tudor era. He was born at the family home, Hever Castle, Kent, which had been purchased by his grandfather Geoffrey Boleyn, who was a wealthy mercer. He was buried at St. Peter's parish church in the village of Hever. His parents were Sir William Boleyn (1451 – October 10, 1505) and Lady Margaret Butler (1454–1539). He was raised Catholic and remained so until his death. He was the father of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII of England. As such, he was the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I.[78]
Boleyn was appointed Lord Privy Seal in 1530. In 1532, his daughter Anne was granted a peerage, being created Marquess of Pembroke in her own right, before marrying Henry the following year and becoming queen consort. Boleyn acquiesced in her judicial execution and that of her brother Lord Rochford when Henry discarded her in favour of Jane Seymour. At this point Boleyn was replaced as Lord Privy Seal and left in disgrace until his death a few years later.[14] He suffered a final indignity as the claims of Piers Butler to the Earldom of Ormond were recognized and as he was styled earl of Ormond from January 22, 1538.[14] There were two earls of Ormond in the Kingdom until his death on March 12, 1539.[14][79]
March 12, 1565: To Queen Catherine of Medicis. [80]
Madam, — As Lusgerie*[81] is returning to my uncle the Cardinal of Lorraine, I have wished to be kept in your kind remembrance by the bearer hereof, whom I have dispatched along with him for this purpose, as the said Lusgerie is unable to take so long a journey. And, because I have heard of the wicked assault made upon my uncle,f[82] I will be bold enough to entreat that you will take other measures for the execution
of justice, the defect of which has caused this second outrage ; and pardon me if I say to you that I feel certain that you will never enjoy perfect peace, until you demonstrate the power of the king your son to do justice, especially to those who have rendered so much service to his crown. Forgive me if I write to you passionately ; for I have already lost one uncle, and now nearly another. I shall conclude this
disagreeable subject by requesting you to give audience to my ambassador, who will narrate to you everything concerning me. And so I present to you my very humble commendations to your favour, praying God to give you, madam, in health, a very happy and long life.
From Lislebourg, this 12th of March.
Your very humble and very obedient daughter,
Marie. [83] (9th cousin 13x removed)
1565: Fragment of a Memorial by Mary as to her Second Marriage. [84]
reasons against the folly of the marriage. First, the marriage constantly by her intended, and negotiated between her and the Prince of Spain,*[85] to which the Cardinal of Granvelle, the Duchess d'Arschot, and many other persons of distinction, and even of her own subjects, can bear testimony ; — which perceiving to be broken off against her will, by an agreement made, unknown to her, hj her relations in France, with Don Charles,t[86] in which, besides the displeasure occasioned by the breach of the other, she saw no advantage for her kingdom, he being a foreigner, poor, and in a very remote country, and the youngest of his brothers, and not agreeable to her subjects, and without any appearance of means or power to assist her in the claim which she preferred to the possession of this island, resolved not to risk the offending her subjects, unless for one who could control them by his power, she being deficient in that, and being, as it were, under their curatory, without power or money, or even trusty councillors, among those who were to
her unknown ; and, by her long education out of the country, and the difference of religion, and new reconciliation forced upon her for the treasons and crimes wrought against her father, mother, her lord and husband, and herself; for all which considerations, she resolved rather to marry a native of this island, to which project both Catholics and Protestants earnestly entreated her, and openly threatened not to permit the contrary.
Then, the Countess of Lennox (as she invariably since I was annoyed by her had done) sent some person to visit me, and, by letters and tokens, entreated me to marry her son, of the blood of England and Scotland, and the nearest after me in succession, Stuart by name, in order always to preserve friends, all well armed, Marshal de Montmorency, governor of the Isle of France, caused them to be surrounded with a body of
soldiers, who disarmed them. One of the Cardinal's servants, having offered some resistance, was killed on the spot. The Cardinal addressed a complaint to the court, in the strongest terms ; but the king endeavoured to stifle this quarrel, which might have rekindled the civil war. that surname so agreeable to the Scotch, of the same religion as myself, and who would respect me according to the honour
conferred upon him, in that it should oblige him. The Earl of Atholl, Lord Lindsay, all the Stuarts and Catholics, laid stress upon that.
The Protestants brought forward Leicester, who, on his part, wrote to me and sued me by Randolph : to which Murray pretended to listen, knowing that, although his queen had written to me in his behalf, it was merely to deceive me and keep off others. This Leicester himself wrote to me privately, through Randolph, shewing me, on the other
hand, how to induce her by fear to consent ; to wit, by the disturbances in Ireland, where I had power at that time, of Avhich she was much afraid.
Murray, on the other hand, secretly endeavoured to legitimate himself; and, pretending to love me, would not leave me alone, and wished to take charge of all the offices, strongholds, and the whole government of the kingdom ; and, as my lieutenant-general, was so well strengthened, that he held me in tutelage, and at length proposed to me to cede my crown to him and the Earl of Argyll, and to set aside the
Hamiltons as I had Huntly, which induced me to think of consenting to marry, and thereby, if not to please all, at least honest people. Catholics, and those of my own name : whereof I apprised Atholl, and those who urged me to it, that they might ascertain the pleasure of their supporters ; and my mother-in-law and her husband thereon ndeavoured to procure the restoration of her husband to his honours and
estates, and, under this pretext, be enabled to treat of the marriage of his son with her.
Having effected this, he came hither and began to make use of his friends and tamper with the others, and especially the Earl of Murra}^, who, thinking that the plan would not be carried into effect, and that he could break it off when he wished, at first appeared to consent to Lennox, under pretext of his name, and in the hope of obtaining his assistance in ruining the Hamiltons, whom otherwise he did not dare to
attack.
Lennox, in this expectation, sent for his son ; and, in the
meanwhile, I held a parliament, at which, by common consent, I restored them to their estates. The son came, but stealthily, inasmuch as Murray, seeing that I was inclined to this match in good earnest, procured in England that he should be recalled by the queen ; but he, being apprised of this by his Catholic friends, and others of the country who were not less .... [87]
March 12, 1566: Queen Mary regains her ascendancy over Darnley, and retires with him to the castle of Dunbar. She there musters eight thousand men, marches upon Edinburgh, and the murderers of Riccio flee to Berwick; nevertheless she pardons Murray and the Earl of Argyll, but, retaining her distrust of Maitland, will not consent to his return, but appoints James Melvil to discharge the duties of
secretary of state.
March 12, 1664: New Jersey becomes a colony of England. A year later, New Jersey granted religious toleration to those living in the colony.[88]
March 12, 1682: Anti-Jewish riots beak out in Krakow.[89]. . .“ *
March 12, 1715: Elector Max Emanuel ordered the expulsion of the few Jews still living in Bavaria, Germany.[90]
March 12, 1752: An early 1752 record suggests that the road had not yet been cleared Not long after Gist‘s March 12, 1752 journal entry expressing his ―Opinion the Company may have a tolerable good Road from Wills Creek to the upper Fork of Monhongaly‖, he arrived back at Wills Creek. [91]
March 12, 1774:
[Note 1: 1 BALTO. March the 12th 1774 (March 12)
Mr. Valentine Crawford (6th great granduncle)
Bot of William Mo. Gachen
To Sundrys per. bill furnish’d---~22 .. 9 .. 9 1/3
To Tnt. on the above Accot. from August 12, 1774 till paid at 6 per Ct.---1
Sir
Your Most obt. hume. servt.
ALEXR. COWAN[92]
March 12, 1776: Clinton finally reached North Carolina on March 12, by which time the North Carolina Loyalists had been routed at Moore's Creek Bridge[93]
March 12, 1778: TO BARON DE STEUBEN.
(ORIGINAL--A FRAGMENT.)
Albany, March 12th. (March 12, 1778
Permit me to express my satisfaction at your having seen General
Washington. No enemies to that great man can be found except among the
enemies to his country; nor is it possible for any man of a noble
spirit to refrain from loving the excellent qualities of his heart. I
think I know him as well as any person, and such is the idea which I
have formed of him; his honesty, his frankness, his sensibility, his
virtue, to the full extent in which this word can be understood, are
above all praise. It is not for me to judge of his military talents;
but, according to my imperfect knowledge of these matters, his advice
in council has always appeared to me the best, although his modesty
prevents him sometimes from sustaining it; and his predictions have
generally been fulfilled. I am the more happy in giving you this
opinion of my friend with all the sincerity which I feel, because some
persons may perhaps attempt to deceive you on this point.[94]
March 12, 1779
Brig. Gen. Lachlan McIntosh to Gen. Washington (grandnephew of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed)
The emigration down the Ohio from this quarter I fear will depopulate it altogether, unless I have orders to put a timely stop to it immediately. It is thought that near one-haif of what remain here will go down to Kentucky, the Falls, or the Illinois, as they say themselves, this Spring. Their design of securing land is so great, notwithstanding the danger of this country, they will go. . . . I am sorry to inform you, that contrary to my expectations, things have taken a turn here much for the worse, since I wrote you on the 13th of January. The 30th of that month I received an express from Colonel Gibson, informing me that one Simon Girty, a renegade among many others from this place, got a small party of Mingoes—a name by which the Six Nations, or rather Seneca tribe is known among the Western Indians—and waylaid Captain Clark, of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment, with a Sergeant and 14 Privates, about three miles this side of Fort Laurens as they were returning after escorting a few supplies to that fort and made Clark retreat to the fort again after killing two, and taking one of his men with his saddle bags and all his letters.
Upon hearing this unexpected intelligence, I immediately sent for Colonels Crawford (6th great grandfather) and Brodhead to advise them upon the best method of supplying that garrison with provisions, of which it was very short, and who had barely horses enough fit for service to transport a sufficient quantity of flour over the mountains for our daily consumption, and source of forage for them, altho’ they were most worn down. It was therefore thought most eligible upon that and other accounts to send a supply by water up Muskingum River by Major Taylor, who was charged with that duty. .
The 26th of February, a scalping party killed and carried off 18 persons, men, women and children, upon the branches of Turtle Creek, 20 miles east of this, upon the Pennsylvania Road, which was the first mischief done in the settlements since I marched for Tuscarawas, and made me apprehensive now that the savages were all inimically inclined and struck the inhabitants of Westmoreland with such a panick that a great part of them were moving away. While I was endeavoring to rouse the militia, and contriving by their assistance to retaliate and make an excursion to some Mingo towns upon the branches of Allegheny River who were supposed to have done the mischief a messenger came to me on the 3rd of March instant, who slipt out of Fort Laurens in the night of Sunday the 28th February by whom Colonel Gibson would not venture to write, and informed me, that on the morning of Tuesday, 23d February, a waggoner who was sent out of the fort for the horses to draw wood, and 18 men to guard him, were fired upon, and all killed and scalped in sight of the fort, which the messenger left invested and besieged by a number of Wyandottes, Chippewas, Delawares, &c., and in the last account I had from them, which made me very unhappy, as they were so short of provision, and out of my power to supply them with any quantity, or,if I had it, with men for an escort, since Major Taylor went, who I thought now was inevitably lost; and if I had both, there were no horses to carry it, or forage to feed them, without which they cannot subsist at this season.In this extreme emergency and difficulty, I earnestly requested the Lieutenants of the several countys on this side of the mountains to collect all of the men, horses, provisions and forage they could at any price, and repair to Beaver Creek on Monday next, the 15th instant, in order to march on the next day to Tuscarawas; and if they would not be prevailed to turn out, I was determined with such of the Continental troops as are able to march, and all the provisions we have, at all events to go to the relief of Fort Laurens, upon the support of which I think the salvation of this part of the country depends.
I have yet no intelligence from the country that I can depend on. Some say the people will turn out on this occasion with their horses; others, that mischievous persons influenced by our disgusted staff are discouraging them as much as possible. But I am now happily relieved by the arrival of Major Taylor here, who returned with 100 men and 200 kegs of flour. He was six days going 20 miles up Muskingum River, the waters were so high and stream so rapid; and as he had above 130 miles more to go, he judged it impossible to relieve Colonel Gibson in time, and therefore returned, having lost two of his men sent to flank him upon the shore, who were killed and scalpt by some warriors coming down Muskingum River, and I have my doubts of our only pretended friends, the Delawares of Cooshoching [Goschachgunk], as none other are settled upon that water.
I have the honor to enclose you the last return from Colonel Brodhead at Beaver Creek [Fort McIntosh]. . .
Lach. McIntosh, BG
Comg. Western Dept.
His Excellency Gen. Washington[95]
March 12, 1800:
http://www.thelittlelist.net/armstrongcounty.jpg
Armstrong County. Courthouse steps, Kittanning. Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler.
"Armstrong County. Formed March 12, 1800 out of Westmoreland, Allegheny and Lycoming counties. Names for Gen. John Armstrong, who had destroyed the Indian village at Kittanning, 1756. Here, county seat was laid out, 1803, and "Daughery Visible" typewriter invented in 1881.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission..........1982."
http://www.thelittlelist.net/butlercountycourthouse.jpg
Butler County marker and Courthouse. South Main Street (PA 8). Photos by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged marker and enlarged courthouse.
"Butler County. Formed March 12, 1800 from Allegheny County. Named for Gen. Richard Butler, Revolutionary officer. A young George Washington had crossed this area, 1753. County seat was established at Butler in 1803, and the county was home of the Harmony Society, 1804-15.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission 1981."
Although the Butler brothers all distinguished themselves in service to their country, Butler County in western PA is specifically named after Richard Butler. Butler County with a population of 230 was formed from Allegheny County in 1800 . [96]
March 12, 1800: Crawford County. The county in northwest PA named after William Crawford was formed March 12, 1800 out of Allegheny County.
Description: http://www.thelittlelist.net/crawfordcountymkr.jpg
Description: http://www.thelittlelist.net/crawfordcountycourthouse.jpg
Crawford County. Diamond Square (between Chestnut and Walnut Streets) in Meadville, Crawford County. Photos by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged marker and enlarged courthouse site.
"Crawford County. Formed March 12, 1800 from Allegheny County. Meadville, in 1788, was the first permanent settlement in northwest Pennsylvania. In 1842, the nation's first direct primary was held here. Cradle of the oil and zipper industries. Named for Col. William Crawford.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission."[97]
1801 - March 12 - Benjamin Harrison (5th great granduncle), Gent., of Harrison County, Ky. conveyed to Jenny Curry, widow, of same, 100 acres in Harrison County. Beginning at Nailer's corner, east to Samuel Rawlings, northwest corner, etc. Consideration $1. Witnesses - Michael Rawlings, Samuel Rawlings, Robert Rankin. Proved Harrison Court Sept. 1801 by the three witnesses. [98]
1801 - March 12 - Benjamin Harrison, Gent., of Harrison County, conveyed to Samuel Rawlings of same, 100 acres in Harrison County. Beginning on Nailor's line at the northeast corner of Widow Curry's land, etc. Consideration £20. Witnesses - Michael Rawlings, Robert Rankin, John Boney. Proved Sept. 7, 1801 by Rawlings and Rankin. Acknowledged in Harrison County Sept. 3, 1804 by Benjamin Harrison. [99]
* * *
New Madrid District, Upper Louisiana
Gen. Benjamin Harrison was among the most prominent men of the New Madrid settlement. He came from Kentucky where he had distinguished himself in the border wars. He was a man of property, a slave owner, and had a large family. He fully entered into the plans of Col. George Morgan* and proposed to bring a large number of settlers into the country. His sons, Lawrence and William, were among Morgan's followers. Another son, Benjamin, Jr. was also at New Madrid. With Gen. Harrison came Benjamin Hinkston, his son-in-law and son of the celebrated John Hinkston (or Hinkson) who himself came to New Madrid from Kentucky. In 1802 while Gen. Harrison was absent on a trip to Kentucky, George N. Reagan forced his son to surrender a negro slave, claimed as part payment of land bought of Reagan, but afterward Harrison recovered the slave by suit. [100]
*The influence of Col. George Morgan in bringing many of his old companions in arms from Pennsylvania to the Spanish province of Louisiana induced Gen. Benjamin Harrison, of Pennsylvania, and Col. John Harrison, who had settled in Kentucky to come to the new country with him. Both the Harrisons afterwards removed from New Madrid to the Ste. Genevieve District. [101]
March 12, 1812: Since the British had a strong presence in Southern Canada and Detroit, this necessitated an American military presence in Ohio. The Army in Ohio was to consist mainly of Militia from Ohio, Kentucky and Pennsylvania. There were also to be mustered two regiments for federal service in Ohio; the 18th & 19th US Infantry. On March 12, 1812, Batteal Harrison was commissioned an Ensign in the US Army. [102]
March 12, 1838: Gen. Irvine informed Washington that Knight had "demolished" his Indian keeper and returned to Fort Pitt. Dr. Knight remained at the fort as surgeon of the 7th Virginia regiment until the close of the war. October 14, 1784, he married Polly Stephenson, daughter of Col. Richard Stephenson, Col. Crawford's half brother; subsequently moved to Shelbyville, Ky., where he died March 12, 1838, the father of ten children[103]
Sat. March 12[104]
Drilled once. Cooking and preparing for
a march.[105] Received a letter from home 2d
dated Feb 25
William Harrison Goodlove (2nd great grandfather) Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Civil War Diary[106]
March 12, 1865: William McKinnon Goodlove, Union Army, K Co. 57th Inf Reg. in Ohio, Battle at Fayetteville, North Carolina on March 12, 1865.[107]
March 12, 1886: JOHN VANCE, b. January 11, 1797; d. March 12, 1886; married MARY STRICKLER, daughter of ABRAHAM STRICKLER. [108]
March 12, 1901: Cephous Clement Burch (b. March 12, 1901 / d. April 5, 1984).[109]
March 12, 1917: The revolution triumphed when regiment after regiment of the Petrograd garrison defected to the cause of the demonstrators. The soldiers, some 150,000 men, subsequently formed committees that elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet. The imperial government was forced to resign, and the Duma formed a provisional government that peacefully vied with the Petrograd Soviet for control of the revolution. [110] During the Russian Revolution, the Duma elected a “provisional committee” which was effectively a new executive branch for the Russian government that would replace the Czar. The apparent triumph of these social democrats offered hope (ultimately false hope) for the Jews of Russia that revolution would lead to liberation.[111]
March 12, 1921: The Histadrut (General Federation of Labor) passed a resolution to establish the Haganah. Haganah, (literally "defense") was established for the purpose stated in its name. It was organized to protect the Jewish settlements from Arab attacks - something the British could not or would not do.[112]
March 12, 1938: Despite a 1919 treaty forbidding their union on March 12, 1938. The German Army marched into Austria unopposed. [113] Hitler entered Austria to the greetings of the Church and Cardinal Innitzer. Seys-Inquert, who later achieved infamy as a mass murderer of Jews, was appointed Chancellor.[114] In early 1938, Austrian Nazis conspired for the second time in four years to seize the Austrian government by force and unite their nation with Nazi Germany. Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg, learning of the conspiracy, met with Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in the hopes of reasserting his country's independence but was instead bullied into naming several top Austrian Nazis to his cabinet. On March 9, Schuschnigg called a national vote to resolve the question of Anschluss, or "annexation," once and for all. Before the plebiscite could take place, however, Schuschnigg gave in to pressure from Hitler and resigned on March 11. In his resignation address, under coercion from the Nazis, he pleaded with Austrian forces not to resist a German "advance" into the country.
The next day, March 12, Hitler accompanied German troops into Austria, where enthusiastic crowds met them. Hitler appointed a new Nazi government, and on March 13 the Anschluss was proclaimed. Austria existed as a federal state of Germany until the end of World War II, when the Allied powers declared the Anschluss void and reestablished an independent Austria. Schuschnigg, who had been imprisoned soon after resigning, was released in 1945.[115]
March 12, 1939: Pope Pius XII was crowned Pope in Vatican ceremonies. While the Catholic Church may be considering Pious XII for canonization, the Jewish view of him is one who is “impious.”[116]
March 12, 1941: Churchill met with Weizmann and reiterated his support for the eventual establishment of Jewish military units and a Jewish state in Palestine.[117]
March 12: 1942: The Nazis ordered 8,000 Jews from southern Polish town of Mielec to be at the train station. The next morning, as they gathered, 2,000 children and elderly were shot dead at the train station.[118]
March 12-April 20, 1942: Thirty thousand Jews are deported from Lublin to Belzec.[119]
March 12, 1943: Tonight is the night when Oskar Schindler changed his life, the life of his workers and history. Addressing his workers, he told them not to go home tonight. The Krakow ghetto, he said, would be liquidated the next day. Schindler had witnessed the killings and decided he must protect his laborers. He would build his own concentration camp as a satellite to Kraków-Plaszów, and his staff would compile the now famous list of workers he wanted transferred to his camp.[120]
March 12, 1945: According to some sources, this is the day Anne Frank died at Bergen Belsen two months before the liberation by British forces.[121]
March 12, 1947: Speaking as leader of the Loyal Opposition, Churchill attacks the Labor Party’s policy in Palestine attacking what he called “a senseless, squalid war with the Jews, in order to give Palestine to the Arab or God knows who.”[122]
March 12, 1947: A British corvette warned British troops that a large number of Jewish refugees on board the SS Susanna, were attempting to land on the southern coast of Palestine. British troops assisted by the local Arab population worked to intercept and arrest the refugees. The British reported that they had captured almost 900 people but 240 may have been Jewish citizens of Palestine.[123]
March 12, 1947: During a session of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry on Palestine, Auni Bey Abdulhadi described the “wartime associations of the Mufti of Jerusalem…with Hitler and Mussolini.”[124]
March 12, 1962 A Pentagon Memo today states: "The courses of action which
follow are a preliminary submission suitable only for planning purposes...we could develop a communist
Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area, in other cities and even in Washington. The terror campaign
could be pointed at Cuban refugees seeking haven in the U.S. We could sink a boat load of Cubans en route
to Florida (real or simulated). We could foster attempts on the lives of Cuban refugees in the U.S. even to
the extent of wounding in instances to be widely published. Exploding a few plastic bombs in carefully
chosen spots, the arrest of Cuban agents and the release of prepared documents substantiating Cuban
involvement also would be helpful in projecting the idea of an irresponsible government." [125]
March 12, 1963 Oswald orders 6.5 mm Mannlicher-Carcano rifle from mailorder
firm in Chicago, sending money order in name of A. Hidell for $21.45. Hidell had been the
nickname of a fellow Marine.
Prior to the assassination then, at least Military Intelligence is aware that Oswald has
obtained a weapon, cheap though it is. It is possible that the FBI is also made aware of this
development. A top Army Intelligence officer now say his unit had a “Hidell” file before the
assassination, apparently because it was an Oswald alias. On the basis of the known record, it is
hard to see any explanation for that -- other than that military intelligence was aware of Oswald’s
gun purchases at the time he made them. [126]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
1. [4] ^ for example ESV
2. ^ Carol L. Meyers Haggai, Zechariah 1-8 Vol.25B The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries 1987
3. ^ Meyers, op.cit.
4. ^ United Foreign Missionary Society (1825). American missionary register. J. & J. Harper. p. 280. http://books.google.com/books?id=icIZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA280. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
[5] [5] The Anchor Atlas of World History Vol. 1, From the Stone Age to the Eve of the French Revolution, 1974, pg. 21.
[6] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[7] History of the World in Two Hours, H2, 10/3/2011
[8] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 28.
[9] www.cohen-levi.org
[10] Decoding the Past Mayan Doomsday Prophecy, HIST, 08/03/2006
[11] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[12] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[13] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[14] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[15] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[16] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[17] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[18] The Art Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[19] http://www.aaanativearts.com/ancient-indians/pre-columbian-timeline.htm
[20] Volo Bog, IL June 24, 2012
[21] Volo Bog IL, June 24, 2012
[22] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/08.html
[23] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/04.html
[24] Henschel’s Indian Museum, Elkhart Lake, WI July 23, 2011. Photo by Jeff Goodlove
[25] http://www.state.il.us/hpa/lib/ilchronology.htm
[26] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnalia
[27]Chain of Tradition-Kohanim through the Ages . DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004, pg 115.
[28] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[29] Great Turning Points in History, by Louis Snyder, page 1.
[30] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[31] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
1. [32] ^ a b (New Oxford Annotated Bible)
2. ^ a b c (Biblical Apocrypha)
3. ^ a b The Bible
4. ^ Anchor Bible Dictionary
5. ^ (Ezra 3:9; Josephus Ant. 11:121)
6. ^ (Josephus Ant. 11:121)
7. ^ (Ant. 11:121)
8. ^ (Ant. 11.5,5)
[33] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[34] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1225.
[35] The Oriental Institute Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011.
[36] The Oriental Institute Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011.
[37] The Anchor Bible: Ezra-Nehemiah by Jacob M. Myers 1965. pgs. xxx-xxxi.
[38] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1185.
[39] Oriental Museum, University of Chicago, 12/20/2008. Photo by Jeff Goodlove
[40] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1219.
[41] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[42] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[43] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 11.
[44] [1] A History of God by Karen Armstrong, page132
[45] [2] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 65.
[46] [3] Islam: History, Society and Civilization, DISC 2/20/2004.
[47] [5] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine, page 174..
[48] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.
[49] Egypt: Land of the Gods, 4/2/2002
[50] Egypt: Land of the Gods, 4/2/2002
[51] www.wikipedia.org
[52] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 12
[53] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm
[54] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 12
[55] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.
[56] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.
[57] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.
[58] The Changing Face of Anti-Semitism, from Ancient times to the Present Day, by Walter Laqueur, page 50.
[59] www.wikipedia.org
[60] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[61] mike@abcomputers.com
[62] mike@abcomputers.com
[63] www.wikipedia.org
[64] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 45.
[65] Notes[edit]
1. Jump up ^ Mann 2005, pp.332-33
2. Jump up ^ Mee, CL (1987). The Genius of the People. New York: Harper & Row. p. 237. ISBN 0-06-015702-X.
3. Jump up ^ "H. Con. Res. 331, October 21, 1988". United States Senate. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
4. Jump up ^ Shannon, TJ (2000). Indians and Colonists at the Crossroads of Empire: The Albany Congress of 1754. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 6–8. ISBN 0-8014-8818-4.
5. Jump up ^ Tooker E (1990). "The United States Constitution and the Iroquois League". In Clifton JA. The Invented Indian: cultural fictions and government policies. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers. pp. 107–128. ISBN 1-56000-745-1. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
6. Jump up ^ Rakove, J (2005-11-07). "Did the Founding Fathers Really Get Many of Their Ideas of Liberty from the Iroquois?". George Mason University. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
7. Jump up ^ Mann, Charles (2005-07-04). "The Founding Sachems". The New York Times (New York).
References[edit]
•Mann, Charles C. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. ISBN 978-1-4000-4006-3
[66] mike@abcomputers.com
[67] Wikipedia
[68] Wikipedia
[69] Wikipedia
[70] wikipedia
[71] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[72] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[73] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 5-6.
[74] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[75] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888
[76] Wikipedia
[77] Wikipedia
[78] Wikipedia
[79] Wikipedia
[80] [Autograph, — Royal Library^ Paris; French supplement, '\ From Edinburgh, the 12th March, 1565.
[81] * He appears to have been a physician. See, subsequently,
letter to the Archbishop of Glasgow, of 18th March (March 18) 1580.
[82] On January 8, 1565, after the Cardinal of Lorraine had
entered Paris, attended by a numerous escort of his servants and
friends, all well armed, Marshal de Montmorency, governor of the
Isle of France, caused them to be surrounded with a body of
soldiers, who disarmed them. One of the Cardinal's servants,
having offered some resistance, was killed on the spot. The Car-
dinal addressed a complaint to the court, in the strongest terms ;
but the king endeavoured to stifle this quarrel, which might have
rekindled the civil war.
[83] LETTERS OF MARY STUART, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND, SELECTED FROM THE '' RECUEIL DES LETTRES DE MARIE STUART," OF PRINCE ALEXANDER LABANOEF.
http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[84] [Autograph, — State Paper Office^ London ; Mary Queen of Scots, vol. xxi.] Without date [1565.]
[85] * Don Carlos, eldest son of Philip II and Mary of Portugal.
[86] f The Archduke Charles, son of the Emperor Ferdinand I, and brother to the Emperor Maximilian II.
[87] LETTERS OF MARY STUART, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND, SELECTED FROM THE '' RECUEIL DES LETTRES DE MARIE STUART," OF PRINCE ALEXANDER LABANOEF.
http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[88] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[89] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[90] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[91] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 65.
[92] The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799
Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers. Published by the Society of the Colonial Dames of America. Edited by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton.--vol. 05
[93] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lord-dunmore-dispatches-note-of-inexpressible-mortification
[94] Title: Memoirs, Correspondence and Manuscripts of General Lafayette, Author: Lafayette
[95] That Dark and Bloody River
[96] http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm
[97] http://www.thelittlelist.net/coatocus.htm
[98] (Harrison County Deed Bk. 1, p. 646) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[99] (Harrison County Deed Bk. 1, p. 825) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[100] (Houck, v. 2, p. 125) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[101] (Houck, V. 3, p. 83) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[102] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/harrbios/battealHarr3466VA.htm
[103] Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
[104] President Lincoln appoints Grant as general-in-chief of all the Federal armies. William T. Sherman succeeds Grant as commander in the West.
http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/
[105]March 12, 1864: One of the biggest military fiascos of the war begins as a combined Union force of infantry and riverboats begins moving up the Red River in Louisiana. The month-long campaign was poorly managed and achieved none of the objectives set forth by Union commanders.
The campaign had several strategic goals. The Union hoped to capture everything along the Red River in Louisiana and continue into Texas. President Lincoln hoped to send a symbolic warning to France, which had set up a puppet government in Mexico and seemed to have designs on territorial expansion. Finally, the expedition could also capture cotton-producing regions, a product in short supply in the North.
The plan called for Admiral David Dixon Porter to take a flotilla of 20 gunboats up the Red River while General Nathaniel Banks led 27,000 men along the western shore of the river. Porter's squadron entered the river on March 12. Two days later, Fort Derussy fell to the Yankees and the ships moved upriver and captured Alexandria. So far, the expedition was going well, but Banks was moving too slowly. He arrived two weeks after Porter took Alexandria, and he continued to plod towards Shreveport. Banks traveled nearly 20 miles from the Red River, too far for the gunboats to offer any protection. On April 8, Banks' command was attacked and routed by General Richard Taylor, son of former president Zachary Taylor. They fought again the next day, but this time the Yankees held off the Rebel pursuit.
The intimidated Banks elected to retreat back down the river before reaching Shreveport. Porter's ships followed, but the Red River was unusually low and the ships were stuck above some rapids near Alexandria. It appeared that the ships would have to be destroyed to keep them from falling into Confederate hands, but Lt. Colonel Joseph Bailey of Wisconsin, an engineer with a logging background, supervised several thousand soldiers in constructing a series of wing dams that raised the water level enough for the ships to pass. The expedition was deemed a failure--it drew Union strength away from other parts of the South and the group never reached Texas. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/red-river-campaign-begins
[106] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[107] . (Historical Data Systems, comp,. American Civil War Soldiers [database on-line], Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 1999.)
[108] http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/fayette/cemeteries/scems0001.txt
[109] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[110] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
[111] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[112] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
• [113] Adolf Eichmann: Hitler’s Master of Death.
• 1998. HISTI
[114] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[115] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germany-annexes-austria
[116] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[117] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[118] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[119] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1770.
[120] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[121] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[122] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[123] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[124] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[125] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[126] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
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