February 12, 553: Byzantine Emperor Justinian ordered the public reading of the Greek translation to Parshat Hashavuah (weekly Torah portion) on Shabbat morning and prohibited Rabbis from giving drashot on the Torah portion.[1]
554 Diocese of Clement (France), Jews expelled.[2]
557 CE: A series of earthquakes hits Constantinople and the Dome of Hiasophia comes crashing down. [3]
561 Diocese of Uzzes (France), Jews expelled.[4]
563: The early MacKINNON clan seems to have had a close connection with the abbacy on the small Inner Hebridean island of Iona. The abbacy of Iona was first founded in 563 by Saint Columba, and many following abbots were selected from his kindred (Cenel Conaill: descendants of Conall Gulban, who was Columba's great-grandfather and the founder of Tír Conaill).[9] Moncreiffe speculated that the Mackinnons were also of this kindred, and noted their Coat of Arms bore the hand of the saint holding the Cross.[9][5][6]
February 12, 1049: Pope Leo IX (Bruno, Count of Dagsbourg) appointed February 12. [7]
1050.
THE BIRTH OF THE YIDDISH LANGUAGE Somewhere in the eleventh century we find the origins of the language, Yiddish, which would become the lingua franca of Ashkenazi Jewry over the next seven or eight hundred years. It was formed out of the meeting between old French and old Italian dialects spoken by the local Jewish communities and medieval German which became dominant in the communities spread out along the Rhine river. The new language with its admixture of Hebrew words especially in the spheres of learning and ritual would soon become dominant in the Jewish communities of west and central Europe.[8]
1050: Council of Narbonne, France forbids Christians to live in Jewish homes.[9]
1050: A Central Asian group of Sunni Muslims called the Seljuk Turks, became so powerful that in 1050 the caliph was forced to recognize the Seljuk sultan as “king of the East.”[10]
1050 A.D. Jerusalem population under Fatimid Moslem rule, 20,000.[11]
1050: End of Igbo-Ukwu culture in E Nigeria, Culture of Yoruba people if Ife flourishes in Nigeria until 1400, Almoravids – Berber Muslims from W Sahara start to take over Morocco, Algeria and part of Spain, death of Guido d’ Arezzo the Italian musical theorist and teacher, Egypt collapses under military dictatorship, Northmen penetrate into England, French biography “Vie de St. Alexis” written, collection of Welsh tales “The Mabinogion” written, Ssu-ma-Kuang writes “History of China from 500 BC to AD 1000”, oldest Russian monasteries in Kiev, Japanese sculptor Jocho sets up school, Building of Exeter cathedral and Winchester Cathedral, Jain temples in Mount Abu India, Palazzo Reale in Palermo, St. Sophia Cathedroal in Novgorod, German imperial crown made, Polyphonic singing replaces Gregorian chants, First German Christmas carol – “Sys Willekomen heirre kersts”, harp first arrives in Europe, time values given to musical notes, Geographer Adam of Bremen believes Baltic Sea to be an ocean open to the east, Important astronomic instruments (astrolabes) arrive in Europe, earliest references to Nuremburg, Oslo, Delhi and Timbuktu, English monks excel in embroidery, Chinese use ceramics to create moveable type, polyphonic singing replaces Gregorian chant, Perisan poet Omar Kayyam born, End of golden age of Ghana, death of Guido of Arezzo the inventor of modern musical notation, Decline of the Empire of Ghana, Empire of Ghana declines as Moslem stronghold, Growth of towns and ceremonial centers in Mississippi basin. [12]
[13]
[14]
1050-1070 CE
[15]
1050-1070 CE
[16]
1050-1250
Caffeinated 'Vomit Drink' Nauseated North America's First City
By Charles Choi, LiveScience Contributor | LiveScience.com – 23 hrs ago
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Residents of Cahokia, a massive …
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The pre-Columbian settlement at …
Caffeine-loaded black drinks apparently dominated the heartland of America earlier than once thought — a beverage neither coffee nor cola, but instead brewed from holly leaves, researchers say.
The ancient people may have downed the brew before ritual vomiting as part of purification ceremonies, the scientists added.
The discovery was made after investigating artifacts from Cahokia, "North America's first city," researcher Thomas Emerson, the director of the Illinois State Archaeological Survey, told LiveScience.
Cahokia existed near the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers from about 1050 to 1350 in what is now in St. Louis, East St. Louis and the surrounding five counties, and inspired short-lived settlements as far away as Wisconsin. The core of this society, Greater Cahokia, had as many as 50,000 residents in its heyday living amidst earthen mounds, some more than 100 feet (30 meters) in height, making it the largest prehistoric North American settlement north of Mexico.
Even after decades of research, archaeologists are at a loss to explain the sudden emergence of Greater Cahokia and its rapid decline, but its influences on art, religion and architecture are seen as far away as Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Wisconsin, Emerson said.
Brew beakers
Archaeologist Patricia Crown at the University of New Mexico and chemist Jeffrey Hurst at the Hershey Technical Center in Pennsylvania analyzed plant residues in eight mug-shaped pottery beakers from Greater Cahokia and its surroundings. They found signs they once held "black drink," a caffeinated brew made from the toasted leaves of the Yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria) that grew more than 300 miles (480 kilometers) to the south.
"We're not sure when Native Americans stopped using black drink," Emerson said. "I think its use went more into the closet, due to pressure from Europeans to drop pagan practices."
For many tribes of Native Americans, the black drink was a key component of purification rituals before war parties, religious ceremonies, important political councils or other important events. Rapid consumption of large quantities of the hot drink preceded ritual vomiting as part of the purification rituals. People in South America continue to make drinks from varieties of holly, such as yerba maté and té o' maté, albeit in more relaxed contexts. [Top 10 Extreme Religious Sects]
"It's always described by Europeans and people who have consumed it as something tasting like tea," Emerson said.
Cahokia trade
The presence of Cahokia biochemicals — such as theobromine, caffeine and ursolic acid — in the black drink suggests the people had a substantial trade network with the southeast. Other artifacts suggested Cahokia also traded with groups ranging from the Gulf Coast to the eastern plains and the Great Lakes, such as marine shells and shark teeth.
"I would argue that it was the first pan-Indian city in North America, because there are both widespread contacts and emigrants," Emerson said. "The evidence from artifacts indicates that people from a broad region, what is now the Midwest and southeast U.S., were in contact with Cahokia. This is a level of population density, a level of political organization that has not been seen before in North America."
How this early city held together for as long as it did has remained a mystery.
"People have said, well, how would you integrate this?" Emerson said. "One of the obvious ways is through religion." [8 Ways Religion Impacts Your Life]
The black drink was used in Cahokia at the same time a series of sophisticated figurines representing the underworld, agricultural fertility and life-renewal were carved from local pipestone. Most of these statuettes were linked with temple sites.
"We postulate that this new pattern of agricultural religious symbolism is tied to the rise of Cahokia, and now we have black drink to wash it down with," Emerson said.
Religious symbolism
The beakers appear ceremonial themselves. Many of these single-serving unglazed pots, which possess a handle on one side and a tiny lip on the other, are carved with symbols representing water and the underworld and are reminiscent of the whelk shells used in black drink ceremonies seen centuries later in the southeast, where the Yaupon holly grows.
"We think one way to connect all these people is through fertility and life-renewal symbolism and religion, and the presence of black drink ceremonial items out even in rural farms and small villages outside Cahokia more or less supports that idea," Emerson said.
The beakers date from 1050 to 1250, the earliest known use of black drink by at least 500 years.
"This finding brings to us a whole wide spectrum of religious and symbolic behavior at Cahokia that we could only speculate about in the past," Emerson said. "Cahokia may have been the birthplace of many of the political, social, and religious concepts that typified the societies of the southeast between 1100 and 1600 A.D. The presence of black drink supports the idea that North America's first city was of critical importance in the future development of native societies in the eastern woodlands of the United States.
"Tracing the geographical spread and history of black drink will be a challenge," Emerson added. "We have established its use at 1050 A.D. in Cahokia, but other archaeologists have speculated that it may have been in use as early as the time of Christ. Now that we have found it 300 miles outside of its native range, it means that we cannot automatically assume it was not exported to many areas. The testing of vessels across much of the eastern U.S. will be a slow and time-consuming job."
The scientists detailed their findings online Aug. 6 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.[17]
1051: Earl Godwin exiled until 1052 of England, Edward expels Godwine family, promises throne to William, Duke of Normandy. [18]
1052: Pisa takes Sardinia from the Arabs, Rebellion of Conrad, Duke of Bavaria, Return of Earl Godwin, Edward the Confessor begins building Westminster Abbey, Westminster Abbey built in England, Earl Godwin of England returns from exile with a fleet and wins back power, Edward the Confessor founds Westminster Abbey, Godwine, ear of Wessex, returns, Edward the Confessor founds Westminster Abbey. [19]
February 12, 1713/14Essex County, Virginia, Wills and Deeds, 1711-1714, p. 180. Lease and Release. February 8 and 9, 1713/14. Andrew2 Harrison, Junr., of St. Marys Par., sells Nathaniel Vickers of same Par., 100 acres being part of a patent granted John Prosser, dec'd., on Golden Vale Creek, adj. the land of Richard Long, etc. Signed Andrew2 Harrison. Wit: Robert Jones, Robert Parker. Rec. February 11, 1713/14. Elizabeth harrison, wife of Andrew2 harrison, by John Battaile her attorney, relinq. he dower rights. Signed Elizabeth x Harrison. Wit: jno Row, Michael Lawless. Rec. February 12 1713/14. [20]
February 12, 1730: “Harry Beverley of St. George’s Parish, died, November 30, 1730; will proven February 12, 1730-31---.to daughter Judeth, 1000 acres adjoining land sold to Andrew Harrison” [21]
February 12, 1736: John Vance, b. February 12, 1736, Opekin Run, Winchester, VA, USA128, d. August 20, 1823, Abingdon, VA, USA128. [22]
A.Peter Taliaferro (b. February 12, 1739) )[23]
February 12, 1769: Susannah Smith10 [Francis Smith9, William Smith8, Lawrence Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. 1739 / d. 1823) married Col William Preston (b. 1729 / d. 1783).
A. Children of Susannah Smith and William Preston:
. i. Elizabeth Preston (b. May 31, 1762 / d. February 4, 1837)
. ii. John Preston (b. may 2, 1764 / d. March 27, 1827)
+ . iii. Francis Preston (b. August 2, 1765 / d. May 26, 1835)
. iv. Sarah Preston (b. may 3, 1767 / d. July 3, 1841)
. v. Ann Preston (b. February 12, 1769 / d. 1782)
. vi. William Preston (b. September 5, 1770 / d. January 24, 1821)
+ . vii. Susannah Preston (b. October 7, 1772 / d. July 21, 1833)
. viii. James Patton Preston (b. June 21, 1774 / d. May 4, 1843)
. ix. Mary Preston (b. September 29, 1776 / d. February 4, 1824)
. x. Letitia Preston (b. September 26, 1779 / d. September 13, 1852)
. xi. Thomas Lewis Preston (b. August 19, 1781 / d. August 11, 1812)
. xii. Margaret Brown Preston (b. February 23, 1784 / d. May 4, 1843) [24]
February 12, 1774 After dinner the two Crawfords & Mr. Stephenson[25] set out for Wmsburg. & Mr. Rutherford and Mr. Beau for their respective homes.[26]
To BURWELL BASSETT[27]
Mount Vernon, February 12, 1774.
Dear Sir: I find there will go some matters from this country, whichwill make my attendance at the Assembly necessary; this I cannot possibly do and go over the Mountains this Spring.
I have therefore determined, much against my Inclination & Interest, to postpone my Trip to the Ohio till after Harvest (as I cannot well be absent from home at that Season.) As March therefore (at least the first of it) is a disagreeable Season to travel our Roads In, and as I am obliged [illegible] to run land about the 20th of the month of March, and from thence proceed into Frederick and Berkeley I hope it will be agreeable and convenient to Mrs. Bassett and you give us the pleasure of seeing you here after that time; the Roads and Weather will be then good: our Fisheries will be then come on, and I think you will have more satisfaction than in an earlier visit.
The Letter herewith Inclosed for Mr. Dandridge[28] contains Black’s Bond which Mr. Wythe has advised me to lodge in some safe hands to be tendered to that pritty Gentleman upon his complying with the Conditions of it. As the care of it is a thing of the utmost Importance, I should be obliged to you (if Captn. Crawford should not go to Mr. Dandridge’s himself) to send the letter by Abram, or some careful Person, least the Bond should get lost.
As I am very much hurried just now, by business of different kinds, and as I presume my Wife has informed Mrs. Bassett of Jack’s Marriage, and all the other little occurrences she can think of, I shall only request you to make my effecte. Complements to her, and the rest of the Family, and believe me to be with great truth.[29]
February 12, 1776: Having departed New York on February 12, General Clinton met with Governor Dunmore in Hampton Roads, Virginia.[30]
February 12, 1777: In a letter from Col. William Crawford to George Washington, dated February 12, 1777, he tells of his brother, Valentine's death as well as his half-brother, Hugh Stephenson. Crawford writes "I suppose by this time you may have heard of all my misfortunes. The loss of Hugh Stephenson and Valentine Crawford, who died the 7th of last month at Bullskin without any will, is very hard on me."
And a bit about good ole George Washington:
Col George Eskridge came from Lancaster, England. In 1670, he was seized in Wales by Press Gang, who carried him aboard a ship bound for Virginia, where he was sold to a planter as an indentured servant for 8 years. When he was freed, he returned to England to get his Law Degree and then he came back to Northern Neck of Virginia, between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. He settled in Westmoreland County, Virginia in 1696.
George was an eminent lawyer. He served 10 years in the House of Burgesses and was a member of Quoram & Kings Attorneys. His plantation of many thousands of acres (Land Grants(below) show 12, 644 acres), was called "Sandy Point", and was located on the Potomac River.
George played an important role in the life of our first President, George Washington.
o. 31.—CRAWFORD TO WASHINGTON.
FREDERICKTOWN, MARYLAND, February 12, 1777.
Sir:—I am sorry to break in upon your hours that ought to rest you from the many fatigues you have to undergo in that important task you have undertaken in defense of our liberties; but necessity obliges me under my present difficulties. I should have been with you, Sir, before now, but for the following reasons:
There is great probability of, an Indian war, for many evident reasons given by the Indians through the course of ]ast summer. They have killed many of our people on the frontiers ; and since the last treaty at Fort Pitt one thing of consequence has happened: the people of Kentucky petitioned the Assembly of Virginia for four hundred and fifty pounds of powder to be sent to them, which was put into the charge of some men to be taken there. On the way, the men went ashore, below the mouth of Soioto, and were fired on, and five out of seven killed. Two made their escape to the mouth of Kanawha. All the ammunition fell into their hands. [31] Many reasons we have to expect a war this spring. The chief of the lower settlements upon the Ohio, has moved off; and should both the regiments [32] now be moved away it will greatly distress the people, as the last raiscd by myself was expected to be a guard for them if there was an Indian war. By the Governor of Virginia, I was appointed to command that regiment, at the request of the people. The conditions were that the soldiers were enlisted during the war; and if an Indian war should come on this spring, they were to be continued there; as their interest was on the spot; but if there should be no Indian war in that quarter, then they were to go wherever called. On these conditions many cheerfully enlisted. The regiment, I believe, by this time, is nearly made up, as five hundred and odd were made up before I came away, and the officers were recruiting very fast; but should they be ordered away before they get blankets and other necessaries, I do not see how they are to be moved; besides, the inhabitants will be In great fear under the present circumstances. Many men have already been taken from that region, so that, if that regiment should march away, it will leave few or none to defend the country. There are no arms, as the chief part of the first men[33],were armed there, which has left the place very bare; but let me be ordered any where and I will go if possible.
I suppose by this time you may have heard of all my misfortunes. The loss of Hugh Stephenson [34] and Valentine Crawford[35], who died the 7th of last month at Bullskin[36] without any will, is very hard on me, as the affairs of the latter and mine are so blended together that no man can settle them but myself; aud should I be cut off before they are settled it would ruin his children and mine. If I can have some little time to administer and settle the estate, I can then appoint aman to act for me, and then I am ready to obey your commands.
By the death of Valentine Crawford, the whole management of Colonel Hugh Stephenson’s estate falls on me; as he was the only one that administered on his estate. It now lies on me; and nothing is done yet in either estate, and both going to waste. I am now going to the Congress to see how my regiment is to be armed, and to get necessaries. I expect to return immediately over the mountain. Should you have any orders there, you may write by next express who is to see me. Anything I can do you may command me. Excuse haste, as the express is now waiting. That you may ever be fortunate is the daily wish and prayer of your most humble and obedient servant.[37]
February 12, 1777
The “West Augusta Regiment”, designated as the Thirteenth Virginia, was afterwards raised, principally by Col. Crawford’s efforts, in the same region of country in which his first regiment had been recruited. Of this last regiement he was made colonel. An extract form a letter written by him Gen. Washington above on February 12, 1777 [38] references the two Virginia regiments raised in the valleys of the Youghiogheny and Monongahela.
By the above letter is shown the rather remarkable fact that by the early part of 1777 the Youghiogheny and Monongahela region of country had furnished two regiments[39] to the quota of Virginia (besides eight full companies to the Pennsylvania Line, as will be noticed below), and that the men of the first regiment raised here had been almost completely armed before marching to join the army. Crawford’s last regiment, the Thirteen Virginia, performed its service in the West, being stationed in detachments at Fort Pitt, Fort McIntosh, and other points on the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers. No list of its officers and men has been found.
February 12, 1781: Benjamin Harrison was commissioned Captain in the 13th Virginia Regiment, Regiment designated as 9th Virginia., September 14, 1778. He was in service in 1780 and retired February 12, 1781 with rank of Major. Awarded 4,000 acres. [40]
February 12, 1793: Congress enacts a Fugitive Slave Act, allowing a slaveowner to recover a runaway.[41] The first fugitive slave law, required all states, including those that forbid slavery, to forcibly return slaves who have escaped from other states to their original owners. The laws stated that "no person held to service of labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such labor or service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due."
As Northern states abolished slavery, most relaxed enforcement of the 1793 law, and many passed laws ensuring fugitive slaves a jury trial. Several Northern states even enacted measures prohibiting state officials from aiding in the capture of runaway slaves or from jailing the fugitives. This disregard of the first fugitive slave law enraged Southern states and led to the passage of a second fugitive slave law as part of the Compromise of 1850 between the North and South.
The second fugitive slave law called for the return of slaves "on pain of heavy penalty" but permitted a jury trial under the condition that fugitives be prohibited from testifying in their own defense. Notable fugitive slave trials, such as the Dred Scott case of 1857, stirred up public opinion on both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. Meanwhile, fugitive slaves circumvented the law through the "Underground Railroad," which was a network of persons, primarily free African Americans, who helped fugitives escape to freedom in the Northern states or Canada.[42]
February 13, 1793: Kalisz and the Kalisz region became part of Prussia.[43]
February 12, 1809: Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the United States, is born in Hardin County, Kentucky.[44] Parents: Father - Thomas Lincoln,
Mother: Nancy Hanks
Grandfather was Samuel Lincoln who originated from rom Hingham, England to Massachusetts in 1637. [45]
Jews made up a comparatively miniscule part of the American population during the Age of Lincoln. When Lincoln was born there were approximately seven million people living the United States of whom approximately 2,000 were Jewish. By 1850, when Lincoln’s political career was extremely active, there were approximately 50,000 Jews living among a population of over 23 million Americans. In Illinois, the Jewish population could not have numbered much more than 200, most of whom lived in Illinois. By the time Lincoln was elected President, there were approximately 150,000 Jews living among 31,000,000 Americans. Of the 1,700,000 people living in “the Land of Lincoln,” approximately 1,500 were Jewish. Given these comparatively miniscule numbers, there was a surprising close connection between Lincoln and the Jewish people on both a personal and communal basis. At the personal level, Abraham Jonas of Quincy, Illinois, the brother of Joseph Jonas, the first Jewish settler of Cincinnati was one of Lincoln’s closest friends and earliest supporters. According to the City of Quincy Lincoln Bicentennial Commission, Jonas arrived in Quincy I838 and was the town’s first Jewish citizen. The friendship between Jonas and Lincoln began that same year and was to last for the next quarter of a century. Their personal bond was cemented by a politics when the two served together in the Illinois legislature during the 1840’s. Jonas and Lincoln were early members of the Republican Party and Jonas “handled arrangements for his friend’s arrival for the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debate in Quincy.” Jonas and his law partner, Henry Asbury, may have been the first two to “float” Lincoln’s name as Presidential candidate. When Horace Greely, the powerful New York newspaper publisher spoke in Quincy in December of 1858, the two proposed that the eastern powerbroker might want to consider Lincoln as candidate for the top spot on the Republican ticket in 1860. Jonas did go to the Republican convention in 1860 where “he worked the floor to help secure the nomination” for his long time personal and political friend. Louis Naphtali Dembitz a twenty-eight year old lawyer, civic leader and prominent member of the Louisville, KY. Jewish community was one of the three delegates who placed Lincoln’s name in nomination at the Republican Convention held in Chicago. Dembitz was the uncle of Louis Dembitz Brandeis who was four at the time of the convention and who would become the first Jewish Justice to sit on the Supreme Court. Abraham Kohn, City Clerk of Chicago, was another Jew who was an early supporter of Lincoln and who worked at the Republican Convention to secure his nomination. After Lincoln’s nomination, Kohn gave him a flag that included the following verse from the Book of Joshua, “Be strong and of good courage; be not affrighted, neither be thou dismayed; for the Lord thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.” Other early, ardent supporters of Lincoln included the philanthropist Moses Dropsie, founder of Dropsie College and Sigmund Kaufman a German-Jewish newspaper publisher in New York “who worked furiously and successfully to deliver the German immigrant vote to Lincoln.” Kaufman also served as one of the electors for the State of New York and as such helped turn Lincoln’s popular vote lead into an Electoral College victory. In 1863, following the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lincoln visited the hospital bed of the mortally wounded hero Lt. Col Leopold Newman, and personally presented him with his commission of appointment as a brigadier general in the Union Army. At the communal level, Lincoln was the first President to make it possible for Rabbis to serve as military chaplains. He signed the 1862 Act of Congress which changed the law that had previously barred all but Christian clergymen from being chaplains. Lincoln showed his support for Jews in the face of European anti-Semitism. He appointed a Jew to serve as Counsel in Zurich as a way of letting the Swiss know that the United States government would not tolerate discrimination against American Jews doing business in Switzerland and that the United States Government did not look favorably on the discriminatory treatment of Swiss citizens who were Jewish. But Lincoln’s most famous moment in dealing with the Jews came when he countermanded Grant’s infamous Order #11. The vast majority of Jews were loyal supporters of the Union even in those dark days when the Copperheads and their allies called upon Lincoln to “let our wayward sisters depart in peace.” Of course, Lincoln came to be viewed as an American Moses who led the African-American Slaves to freedom. Ironically, Lincoln was killed during Pesach, the Jewish holiday of freedom that provided so much of the liberation motif for the work of the Great Emancipator.[46]
February 12, 1812: Susan Simmons Winans born at Fort Dearborn Chicago…
Line of MOSES PRYOR WINANS
JOHN-JOHN-LEWIS-JOHN-LEWIS-MOSES(1-5-5-1-1-4)
MOSES PRYOR was b January 4, 1808 at Stanton Twp., Ohio d August 5 or 25, 1871 at Springville, Iowa md September 11, 1828 Susan Simmons b February 12, 1812 at Fort Dearborn, Chicago, Ill. d April 27, 1900 at Santa Ana, Calif. She was the dau of John and Susan (Millhouse) Simmons.
Ref: IW., JB., Mrs. Lila Hamilton Finne of Torrance, Calif. [47]
February 12 1825: The Creek Indians cede all of their land in Georgia to the United States.[48] The second treaty was signed at the Indian Springs Hotel on February 12, 1825 and ratified March 7, 1825. It was negotiated by McIntosh and his first cousin, Georgia Governor George Troup. Under this treaty the Lower Creek surrendered all of their lands east of the Chattahoochee, including the sacred Ocmulgee Old Fields, and accepted relocation west of the Mississippi River to an equivalent parcel of land along the Arkansas River. In compensation for the move to unimproved land, and to aid in obtaining supplies, the Creek nation would receive $200,000 paid in decreasing installments over a period of years. A controversial article provided additional payments to McIntosh for the lands granted to him in 1821.[1]
The treaty was popular with Georgians, who re-elected Troupe in the state's first popular election in 1825. It was signed by only six chiefs, and the Creek National Council denounced it, ordering the execution of McIntosh and the other Muscogee signatories, as it was a capital crime to alienate tribal land. On April 29, the Upper Creek chief Menawa took 200 warriors to attack McIntosh at his plantation at Lokchau Talofau. They killed him and another signatory, and set fire to the house.
The second Treaty of Indian Springs was ratified by the U.S. Congress by one vote, but a delegation from the Creek National Council, led by Chief Opothleyahola, traveled to Washington with a petition to John Quincy Adams to have it revoked. They negotiated the 1826 Treaty of Washington, in which the Muscogee surrendered most of the lands sought by Georgia under more generous terms, retaining a small piece of land on the Georgia-Alabama border and the Ocmulgee Old Fields. They were not required to move west.
Troup refused to recognize the new treaty, and ordered the Creek lands surveyed for a land lottery. He began forcibly evicting the Lower Creek. Adams threatened federal intervention, but backed down after Troup mobilized Georgia militia.
The area around the spring is protected as Indian Springs State Park between Jackson and Flovilla in Butts County, Georgia.[49][50]
Fri. February 12, 1864
At soldiers home at vixburg
Warm and clear saw two boats come in[51]
February 12-13, 1865: Dr. William McKinnon Goodlove (1st cousin, 3 times removed) a soldier in the 57th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Battle at Statesboro, Georgia on February 12, 1865 February 12-13, 1865: North Edisto River. [52]
February 12, 1866
Almost a year after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, both houses of Congress gathered for a memorial February 12, Lincoln’s birthday. Althogh Honest Abe’s birth date became a holiday in many states, it would not become an official federal holiday.[53]
The last Monday in May is celebrated as Memorial Day. The federal holiday began in 1868 as a way to honor the Union Soldiers who had died in the Civil War.[54]
February 12, 1875: On the evening of 12 February 1875 above Iowa a brilliant fireball was observed. About 100 meteorite fragments fell over a 18-square-mile (47 km2) snowy countryside area from Amana to Boltonville in Iowa County. The first found fragment, a stone weighing about 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb), was discovered by Sarah Sherlock 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of Homestead.[2] The area was wooded and covered by snow, impeding recovery efforts. On 10 February a 40 centimetres (16 in) snowfall blanketed the ground, preventing the great majority of the fragments from being discovered until Spring. The 74 pounds (34 kg) main mass was found along with a 48 pounds (22 kg) fragment buried 2 feet (0.61 m) in the soil.[2]
As of December 2011, approximately 230 kilograms (510 lb) has been found.[55]
•
Homestead meteorite strewnfield
•
1875 drawing of some fragments
•
Crusted edge
February 12, 1897
A party was given at Willis Goodlove’s one evening last week, both a good time and a good crowd are reported.[56]
February 12, 1898: Rosi Gottlieb, born February 12, 1898 in Frankfurt a. M.. Resided Frankfurt a. M. Date of Death: May 8, 1942. Suicide. [57]
February 12, 1903
(Jordan’s Grove) Mrs. Wm Goodlove is visiting in Marion this week.[58]
February 12, 1909:
© Abraham Lincoln Online
Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site
Sinking Spring Farm
U.S. 31E and KY 61
Hodgenville, Kentucky
Like many other historic Lincoln sites, this one probably doesn't match the picture in your imagination. When you arrive on the grounds, you see not a log cabin but a neoclassical granite and marble structure -- a sort of Greek temple in the Kentucky woods. Fifty-six steps, symbolizing one for each year of Lincoln's life, lead to the huge double front doors. Designed by architect John Russell Pope, the building was constructed between 1909 and 1911 by the Lincoln Farm Association and deeded to the U.S. government in 1916. President Woodrow Wilson acknowledged the gift in an acceptance speech on Labor Day, 1916.
© Abraham Lincoln Online
A reconstructed cabin stands inside this memorial building but is not the original. Some oak and chestnut[59] logs are believed to be of the period. Nevertheless, the one-room cabin does reflect Lincoln's humble beginnings. It measures about 13x17 feet, which may be smaller than the original, thought to be 16 x 18 feet. It includes one door and window, a stone fireplace, and dirt floor.
Beside the entrance to the memorial building is inscribed, "Here over the log cabin where Abraham Lincoln was born, destined to preserve the Union and free the slave, a grateful people have dedicated this memorial to unity, peace, and brotherhood among the states."
President Theodore Roosevelt, a well-known Lincoln admirer, spoke when the cornerstone was laid on February 12, 1909, the centennial of Lincoln's birth. President William Howard Taft dedicated the completed building on November 9, 1911. The memorial building and farm, managed by the National Park Service, became a national park in 1916. You can read the fascinating story of the park's history in Merrill Peterson's book, Lincoln in American Memory. [60]
February 12, 1923-November 26, 1999
Berniece E. Goodlove
•
Birth:
Feb. 12, 1923
Death:
Nov. 26, 1999
w/o Winton D.
Family links:
Spouse:
Winton D. Goodlove (1922 - 2007)*
*Calculated relationship
Burial:
Jordans Grove Cemetery
Central City
Linn County
Iowa, USA
Created by: Gail Wenhardt
Record added: Apr 04, 2011
Find A Grave Memorial# 67902221
Added by: Gail Wenhardt
Cemetery Photo
Added by: Jackie L. Wolfe
[61]
February 12, 1931: Pope Pius XI broadcasts for the first time in history so that Catholics around the world could hear the Popes voice.[62]
February 12, 1938: German troops entered Austria in an event known as the Anschluss. After the war, Austrians tried to present themselves as the first victims of the Nazis. The cheering crowds that greeted Hitler at that time tell a different story. The Austrians were quick to adopt the German attitude toward Austrian Jews.[63]
February 12, 1940: The British War Cabinet discussed the 1939 White Paper to limit Jewish land purchase in Palestine. Despite a protest from Churchill, the land limitation regulations would be put into force.[64]
February 12, 1942(25th of Shevat, 5702): The Nazis rounded up and murdered 3,000 Jews in the Ukrainian town of Brailov. The Jewish community in the Shtetel of Brailov can be traced back at least to the start of the 17th century. After the war Brailov was the subject of a 52-minute documentary called “Judenfrei: A Shtetl Without Jews.”[65]
For one week Germans are greeted with an armed uprising as they try to deport the final group of Bialystok Jews. By February 12th, 18,000 were in hiding. Another 10,000 would end up in Treblinka.[66]
• February 5-12, 1943: In Bialystok, 2,000 Jews are killed and 10,000 deported to Treblinka; Jews offer armed resistance.[67]
In Tunisia, the Jews of Djerba are forced to pay 10 million francs to the German authorities.[68]
February 12, 1971: Following post-overhaul sea trials in Puget Sound, Scamp was reassigned back to San Diego, as home port on February 12, 1971, but did not enter that port until April 15after a voyage to Pearl Harbor. [69]
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm
[3] Building in the Name of God. HISTI 6/9/2006
[4] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm
[5] Moncreiffe, pp. 70–71
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Mackinnon
[7] mike@abcomputers.com
[8] Mark Andre Goodfriend email 2/10/2007, http://www.jafi.org.il/education/history/body1.html
[9] www.wikipedia.org
[10] Introducing Islam, by Dr. Shams Inati, page 91.
[11] Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land, by Clarence H. Wagner, Jr. page 200.
[12] mike@abcomputers.com
[13] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[14] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[15] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[16] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[17] http://news.yahoo.com/caffeinated-vomit-drink-nauseated-north-americas-first-city-190502074.html?_esi=1
[18] mike@abcomputers.com
[19] mike@abcomputers.com
[20] [Beverley Fleet, Virginia Colonial Abstracts, The Original 34 Volumes Reprinted in 3, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1988) 2: 25.] Chronological Listing of Events In the Lives of Andrew Harrison, Sr. of Essex County, Virginia, Andrew Harrison, Jr. of Essex and Orange Counties, Virginia, Lawrence Harrison, Sr. of Virginia and Pennsylvania Compiled from Secondary Sources Covering the time period of 1640 through 1772 by Daniel Robert Harrison, Milford, Ohio, November, 1998.
[21] Virginia County Records, Spotsylvania County, 1721-1800 vol. 1, pp. 2-3, Will Book A, 1722-45. Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence, pg 316
[22] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/m/a/n/Joseph-D-Maness/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0335.html
[23] Proposed descendants of William Smith
[24] Proposed Descendants of William Smith
[25] Valentine Crawford and Hugh Stephenson were carrying a letter from GW to Governor Dunmore, dated 11 Feb., attesting to their satisfactory military service in the early 1760s, by which they hoped to qualify for western bounty land under the royal Proclamation of 1763 (ViW). Thomas Rutherford was carrying a letter from GW dated this day recommending him as an assistant surveyor (PPiIJ).
[26] The Diaries of George Washington. Vol, University Press of Virginia 1978
[27] The text is from Ford.
[28] Bartholoniew Dandridge, brother of Martha Washington. The text is from Ford.
[29] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 3.
[30] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lord-dunmore-dispatches-note-of-inexpressible-mortification
[31] At a general meeting at Harrodsburg, two agents were chosen to negotiate with the Virginia Assembly, for the efficient protection and general good of the new settlements of Kentucky. This was on the 6th June, 1776. Five hundred pounds of powder were procured from the Council of that State and taken from Pittsburgh down the Ohio and secreted near Limestone, now Maysville. Late in December, a party under Colonel John Todd was sent for the powder, but when near the Blue Licks was attacked and defeated by Indians. Oniy one of the settlers was killed, and the powder was afterward brought safely to Harrodsburg.
[32]One was the 13th Virginia (usually known, at the time, as the West Augusta regiment), commanded by Crawford; the other was Wood’s regiment.
[33] Crawford has here reference to the men raised by him in the fall of 1775, in the vicinity of his home, which were mustered into the service.
[34] Hugh Stephenson-one of Crawford’s half-brothers--died the previous October. . . .
[35]
[36]In what is now Fayette county, Pennsylvania. It was so called from the creek upon which Crawford had lived in Frederick county, Virginia—now Jefferson county, West Virginia
[37] The Washington-Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield
[38] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men, Edited by Franklin Ellis Vol. 1 Philadelphia; L. H. Everts & Co. 1882
[39] In February, 1777, Congress appropriated the sum of $20,000, “to be paid to Col. William Crawford for raising and equipping his regiment, which is a part of the Virginia new levies.” It is not certain as to which of the regiments raised by Crawford this had reference, but it appears to have been the last one, the “West Augusta Regiment.”
[40] (Gwathmey, p. 354) Chronology of BENJAMIN HARRISON compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giulvezan Afton, Missouri, 1973. http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[41] ON This Day in America by John Wagman.
[42] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/congress-enacts-first-fugitive-slave-law
[43] Wikipedia.com
[44] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[45] http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/people-timelines/01-abraham-lincoln-timeline.htm
[46] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[47] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[48] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
1. [49] ^ "Treaty of Indian Springs, 1825", New Georgia Encyclopedia Online
[50] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Indian_Springs
[51] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove
[52] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove
[53] 2010 Civil War Calenday.
[54] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[55] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_(meteorite)
[56] Winton Goodlove papers
[57] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[58] Winton Goodlove papers.
[59] Chestnut. Castanea dentata. A tree worth mentioning that was once common in dry forest areas. It was 60-80 feet tall and two or three feet in diameter. Unfortunately, this tree with beautiful wood for furniture was nearly eliminated in the early 1900s by a fungus bark disease. An expensive piece of frontier furniture might be made of yellowish-tan chestnut. Because it splits easily, and evenly, it was used as rails in settler's fences. Edible nuts were housed in a tough, briar-skinned husk. The nuts became mature in the fall (October-November) and could be roasted for a winter treat (or fed to the hogs). The tree is coming back and can be found in western PA. Sometimes the tree is confused with the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). The cylindrical husks of the horse chestnut look strangely familiar to anyone who has followed a horse down a path—round balls with partially digested grains of oats. Boats were often made of chestnut due to its resistance to moisture and decay.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm
[60] http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/sites/birth.htm
[61] http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Goodlove&GSbyrel=in&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&GRid=67902221&
[62] Secret Access: The Vatican, 12/22/2010.
[63] Thisdayinjewishhistory.com
[64] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[65] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[66] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[67] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1775
[68] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1775
[69] This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.Skipjack-class submarine:
•Skipjack
•Scamp
•Scorpion
•Sculpin
•Shark
•Snook
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