This Day in
Goodlove History, February 15
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Surnames
associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different
ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof,
Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs,
Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob,
Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,and ancestors Andrew Jackson, and William Henry Harrison.
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,and ancestors Andrew Jackson, and William Henry Harrison.
The Goodlove
Family History Website:
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
Birthdays: Ryan W. Burns 36 John E Dennis 162, Betty Harrison 248
Anniversary: Sara Gottlob and Samuel Chesire 197
February 15, 399 BCE: The philosopher Socrates is sentenced to death.[1]
396 B.C.
Ezra the Scribe-Leader in the Babylonian exile.[2] Ezra- VII 1 After these things, during the reign of Artaxerxes the king of Persia, [came] Ezra, the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, 2 The son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub, 3 the son of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth, 4 the son of Uzzi, the son of Bukki, 5 the son of Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the high priest. 6 That was the Ezra who came from Babylon; he was a scribe skilled in the law of Moses which Yahwey God of Israel had given. The king gave him everything he requested because the hand of Yahwey his God was upon him. 7 Some of the Israelites, of the priests, the Levites, the singers, the gatekeepers, and the temple slaves went up to Jerusalem in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king. 8 He arrived at Jerusalem in the fifth month which was in the seventh year of the king 9 for he had ordered the departure from Babylon on the first day of the first month and arrived at Jerusalem on the first day of the fifth month because the kind hand of his God was upon him. 10 For Ezra had set his mind on investigating the law of Yahweh in order to teach effectively [its] statutes and judgments.
11 This is a copy of the official document that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra, the priest, the scribe, a student of matters pertaining to the commandments and statutes of Yahweh concerning Israel. 12 “Artaxerxes, king of kings, to Ezra the priest, student of the law of the God of the heavens And now 13 formal document has been issued by me that any one of the people of Israel in my kingdom, as well as their priests and Levites, who is willing to go to Jerusalem, may go with you, 14 you have been sent by the king and his seven advisers to conduct an investigation about Judah and Jerusalem in harmony with the law of your God which is in your hand, 15 to transport the silver and gold which the king and his advisers have contributed voluntarily for the God of Israel whose dwelling place is at Jerusalem, 16 with all the silver and gold which you get from the entire province of Babylon and the voluntary offerings of the people and the priests, freely contributed for the house of their God at Jerusalem. 17 Therefore, you must apply this money scrupulously to purchase bulls, rams, lambs, and [materials for] their meal offerings and drink offerings, and offer them upon the altar of the house of your God at Jerusalem, 18 whatever appears desirable to you and your brothers to do with the rest of the silver and the gold you may do in accordance with the will of your God. 19 to the God of Jerusalem the vessels which were given to you for the [cultic] service of the house of your God. 20 rest of the requirements for the house of your God for which it is incumbent upon you to provide, you may provide from royal treasuries. 21 By me, Artaxerxes the king, a formal order has been issued to all the treasurers of [the province] Across the River that whatever Ezra the priest, the student of the law of the God of the heavens, shall request of you is to be complied with precisely, 22 up to a hundred talents of silver, a hundred kors of wheat, a hundred baths of wine, a hundred baths of anointing oil, and salt without prescribed [limit]. 23 demanded by the God of the heavens for the house of the God of the heavens must be provided for diligently. Why should wrath fall upon the realm of the king and his sons? 24 Also let it be known to you that it is not permissible to impose
tribute, tax, or duty upon any of the priests, Levites, singers, gatekeepers, temple slaves, or [other] servants of this house of God. 25 And you, Ezra, appoint magistrates and judges, in accordance with the wisdom of your God which you possess, who shall judge all the people of Across the River, all who know the laws of your God; and you must communicate [them] to whoever does not know [them]. 26 But anyone who does not comply with the law of your God and the law of the king, let sentence be pronounced [upon him] speedily, whether for death, or for exclusion, or for fine, or for imprisonment.”
27 Praised be Yahweh God of our fathers who has put [such a thing] as this in the mind of the king to adorn the house of Yahweh which is at Jerusalem, 28 has extended to me the devotion of the king, his advisers, and all the powerful officials of the king; and I have been encouraged because the hand of Yahweh my God was upon me and I have assembled [family] heads of Israel to go up with me.[3]
8. EZRA’S DEPARTURE FROM BABYLON.
ius ENLISTMENT AND SELECTION OF PERSONNEL
(viii 1—36)t
The list of returning exiles
VIII 1 These are the family heads [with their official genealogy], who went up with me from Babylon in the reign of Artaxerxes the king: 2 the sons of Phinehas, Gershom; of the Sons of Ithamar, Daniel; of the sons of David, Hattush, 3 of the sons of Shecaniah; of the sons of Parosh, Zechariah, and with him a hundred and fifty males officially registered; 4 the sons of Pahath-moab, Eliehoenai the son of Zerahiah and two hundred males with him; 5 of the sons of Zattu, Shecaniah the son of Jab aziel and three hundred males with him; 6 the sons of Adin, Ebed the son of Jonathan and fifty males with him; 7 the Sons of Elam, Jeshaiah the son of Athaliah and seventy males with him; 8 the sons of Shephatiah, Zebadiah the son of Michael and eighty males with him; 9 the sons of Joab, Obadiah the son of Jehiel and two hundred and eighteen males with him; 10 the sons of Bania, Shelomith, the son of Josiphiah and a hundred and sixty males with him; 11 the sons of Bebai, Zechariah the son of Bebai and twenty-eight males with him; 12sf the sons of Azgad, Johanan the son of Hakkatan and ba hundred and tenb males with him; 13 the sons of Adonikam, the last ones, whose names were Eliphelet, Jeiel, and Shemaiah and sixty males with them; 14 of the sons of Bigvai, Uthai and Zabbudc and seventy males with him4.
Enlistment of temple personnel
15 I assembled them at the canal that runs to Ahava where we encamped for three days. I saw laymen and priests but found no Levites there. l6Then I sent for Eliezer, Arid, Shemaiah, Elnathan, Jarib, Elnathan, Nathan, Zechariah, Meshullam, leaders, and for Joiarib and Elnathan, teachers, 17 I sent to Iddo the head of the place Casiphia’ and I told them what to say to Iddo [and] his brothers who were located at the place Casiphia°, that is, to send us ministers f& the house of our God. 18 the good hand of our God was upon us they brought to us a wise man, of the sons of Mahli, the son of Levi, the son of Israel, by the name of Sherebiah with his sons and brothers, eighteen men; 19 Hashabiah and Jeshaiah, of the sons of Merari with his brothers and their sons, twenty men; 20 two hundred and twenty temple slaves—[descendants] of the temple slaves David and the princes had appointed for the service of the Levites—all of them designated by name.
- Farewell services
21 I proclaimed a fast there by the canal Ahava that we might humble ourselves before our God and inquire of him the right way for ourselves, our retinue and all our possessions, 22 I was ashamed to request a contingent of cavalry from the king to protect us from the enemy en route because we had told the king as follows: "The hand of our God deals favorably with all those who seek him, but his mighty wrath comes upon all those who forsake him." 23 we fasted and prayed to our God about it; and he listened to us.
Selection of treasure bearers
24 Then I selected twelve of the leading priests, in addition to Slierebiah and Hashabiah with ten’ of their brothers, 25 whom I weighed out the silver, the gold, and the vessels, the contributions for the house of our God which the king, his advisers, and all Israel there present had made. 261 weighed out into their hand six hundred and fifty talents of silver, a hundred vessels of silver valued at . . .‘ talents, a hundred talents of gold, 27 twenty golden bowls valued at a thousand darics and two vessels of shining red copper as precious as gold. 28 I said to them, "You are holy to Yahweh and the vessels too are holy; the silver and the gold are a voluntary offering to Yahweh God of yourh fathers. 29 them carefully until you weigh them out to the officials of the priests, the Levites, and the family chiefs of Israel at Jerusalem in the rooms of the house of Yahweh." 3OThen the priests and the Levites received the consignment of silver, gold, and vessels, to bring [them] to Jerusalem to the house of our God.
Journey to and arrival at Jerusalem
3l Then we departed from the canal of Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month to journey to Jerusalem and the hand of our God was upon us and en route delivered us from the hand of the enemy and waylayer. 32When we arrived at Jerusalem, we waited there for three days. 33 the fourth day, the silver, gold, and vessels were weighed out in the house of our God into the hand of Meremoth, the son of Uriah, the priest with whom was Elazar the son of Phinehas; with them were also Jozabad the son of Jeshua and Noadiah the son of Binnui, the Levites.
34 Everything was checked by number and weight and the total weight recorded at the same timed. 35 When the exiles of the captivity arrived, they offered burnt offerings to the God of Israel
—twelve bulls on behalf of all Israel, ninety-six rams, seventy seven lambs, and twelve he-goats as a sin offering, all of it as a burnt offering to Yahweh. 36They also delivered the orders of the king to the king’s satraps and governors of [the province] Across the River who then supported the people and the house of God.[4]
373 B.C. A comet is a long lasting event, sometimes visible for weeks. Comets were seen by terrified observers as predictors of cataclysmic events. There was a tidal wave and earthquake in Akaa in 373 B.C. and there was a big comet before it and Aristotle makes note of that.[5]
371-320 BC: Jaddua, son of Johanan, ca. 371-320 BC, during the reign of Alexander the Great. Some have identified him as Simeon the Just.
The five descendants of Joshua are mentioned in Nehemiah, chapter 12, 10f. The chronology given above, based on Josephus, however is not undisputed, with some alternatively placing Jaddua during the time of Darius II and some supposing one more Johanan and one more Jaddua in the following time, the latter Jaddua being contemporary of Alexander the Great.[6]
356 B.C.
Yehoshua- First Kohen Gadol of the Second Temple.[7]
February 15, 1145: Death of Pope Lucius II – Pope Eugene II rules – proclaims second crusade, bridge over Danube at Ratisbon completed, Almohades begin conquest of Moorish Spain until 1150, Chartres Cathedral begun, Arnoldists formed - religious movement against wicked popes, Stephen's forces defeat Matilda's, Pope Lucius II dies March 15,, Pope Eugene III appointed February 15, 1445, (Bernardo Pignatelli Pisa), Arnold of Brescia forms Arnoldist sect advocating simplicity and preaching against evil popes - killed by Frederick Barbarossa to gain papal favor. [8]
1146: Almoravids from W Sahara have taken over Morocco, Algeria and Spain, New Crusade preached against Turks, Nureddin Sultan of Syria rules, the “Antidotarium Niclai” a treatise on drugs written. [9]
• February 1516
• Convinced that the purest text of the Bible was not to be found in the Latin version of Jerome (accepted as inspired by the Catholic Church), but in the languages in which the Bible was first written, Hebrew and Greek, Erasmus launched a project that would give to the world the first published Greek text of the New Testament. He accomplished this in 1516, using four Greek manuscripts that were available to him while in England, and five or six Greek manuscripts that accessible at the University of Basel library. From this text would come the first printed English Bible, in February, 1516.[10]
1517: By 1517, the Ottomans had taken over Mecca and had control ovber the caravan routes leading back and forth to Arabia.[11] The Turkish Sultan Selim conquered Jerusalem and the land of Israel for the Ottoman Empire. Turkish rule lasted until 1917, when World War I resulted in the breakup of this empire into multiple states within the Middle East.[12]
1517: The wheellock was invented in Nuremburg.[13]
February 1526: The first English New Testament, also based on Erasmus, was translated by William Tyndale and printed at Worms in February of 1526[14]. Tyndale “modernizes” the translation of the Lords Prayer”Our father which arte in heven, halowed by thy name.” All subsequent English Bible translations for almost four centuries, including the KJV, were based on Erasmus.[15] These pocket sized Bibles could not be shipped to England through ordinary channels. Considered contraband goods, they had to be smuggled in bales of cloth, sackes of flour, and other goods of trade; then ferried by boat down the Rhine and across the Channal to English ports.
Almost immediately the new Bibles caused a furor. The people wanted to read them and the Church wanted to burn them. [16]
February 1540 CE
[17]
15 [18]
[19]
[20]
•1540 – Members of Hernando DeSoto’s expedition (possibly) (or maybe Coronado, see above) became the first Europeans to encounter the Mississippian culture people, in the towns of Chalaque, Guaqili, Xuala (Joara), and Guasili.[1] Joara was a regional chiefdom established about 1000CE. These villages are believed to have been developed by Catawba ancestors.[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
1540’s: In the 1540’s [Martin Luther] drove [the Jews] from many German towns.[4][25]
1540 to 1960 A.D.
[26]
February 1563: Russian troops take Polotsk from Lithuania, Jews are given ultimatum: embrace Russian Orthodox Church or die. Around 300 Jewish men, women and children were thrown into ice holes of Dvina river.[27]
Galileo, the son of a musician, was born February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy. He entered the University of Pisa planning to study medicine, but shifted his focus to philosophy and mathematics. In 1589, he became a professor at Pisa for several years, during which time he demonstrated that the speed of a falling object is not proportional to its weight, as Aristotle had believed. According to some reports, Galileo conducted his research by dropping objects of different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. From 1592 to 1630, Galileo was a math professor at the University of Padua, where he developed a telescope that enabled him to observe lunar mountains and craters, the four largest satellites of Jupiter and the phases of Jupiter. He also discovered that the Milky Way was made up of stars. Following the publication of his research in 1610, Galileo gained acclaim and was appointed court mathematician at Florence.
Galileo's research led him to become an advocate of the work of the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1573). However, the Copernican theory of a sun-centered solar system conflicted with the teachings of the powerful Roman Catholic Church, which essentially ruled Italy at the time. Church teachings contended that Earth, not the sun, was at the center of the universe. In 1633, Galileo was brought before the Roman Inquisition, a judicial system established by the papacy in 1542 to regulate church doctrine. This included the banning of books that conflicted with church teachings. The Roman Inquisition had its roots in the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, the purpose of which was to seek out and prosecute heretics, considered enemies of the state.
Today, Galileo is recognized for making important contributions to the study of motion and astronomy. His work influenced later scientists such as the English mathematician and physicist Sir Isaac Newton, who developed the law of universal gravitation. In 1992, the Vatican formally acknowledged its mistake in condemning Galileo.[28]
Galileo Galilei
Portrait of Galileo Galilei by Giusto Sustermans
Born
(1564-02-15)February 15, 1564[1]
Pisa,[1] Duchy of Florence, Italy
Died
January 8, 1642(1642-01-08) (aged 77)[1]
Arcetri,[1] Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy
Residence
Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy
Nationality
Italian (Tuscan)
Fields
Astronomy, physics and mathematics
Institutions
University of Pisa
University of Padua
Alma mater
University of Pisa
Academic advisors
Ostilio Ricci[2]
Notable students
Benedetto Castelli
Mario Guiducci
Vincenzo Viviani[3]
Known for
Kinematics
Dynamics
Telescopic observational astronomy
Heliocentrism
Signature
Notes
His father was the musician Vincenzo Galilei. Galileo Galilei's mistress Marina Gamba (1570 – 21 August 1612?) bore him two daughters (Maria Celeste (Virginia, 1600–1634) and Livia (1601–1659), both of whom became nuns) and a son Vincenzo (1606–1649), a lutenist.
Galileo Galilei (Italian pronunciation: [ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi]; 15 February 1564[4] – January 8 1642),[5] was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy",[6] the "father of modern physics",[7] the "father of science",[7] and "the Father of Modern Science".[8]
His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter (named the Galilean moons in his honour), and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, inventing an improved military compass and other instruments.
Galileo's championing of heliocentrism was controversial within his lifetime, when most subscribed to either geocentrism or the Tychonic system.[9] He met with opposition from astronomers, who doubted heliocentrism due to the absence of an observed stellar parallax.[9] The matter was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 1615, and they concluded that it could be supported as only a possibility, not an established fact.[9][10] Galileo later defended his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which appeared to attack Pope Urban VIII and thus alienated him and the Jesuits, who had both supported Galileo up until this point.[9] He was tried by the Inquisition, found "vehemently suspect of heresy", forced to recant, and spent the rest of his life under house arrest.[11][12] It was while Galileo was under house arrest that he wrote one of his finest works, Two New Sciences, in which he summarised the work he had done some forty years earlier, on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials.[13][14] [29]
February 15, 1655: The twenty-three Sephardic Jews who arrived in the fall seeking sanctuary from the Inquisition are officially admitted into New Amsterdam over Governor Peter Stuyvesant's objections.[30]
February 15, 1730: Richard Taliaferro
Colonel in the English and Colonial Armies. Richard owned more than 10,000 acres in Amherst and Nelson Co, Virginia and additional land in Patrick Co. he served as a Colonel in the English and Colonial Armies and attained the rank of Captain. It is said that he met his death while he and his men were crossing the Potomac in a flat boat.
A.Children of Richard Taliaferro
B. and Rose Berryman:
+ . i. John Taliaferro (b. April 7, 1723 in Caroline Co. VA)
. ii. Sarah Taliaferro (b. June 7, 1727)
. iii. Benjamin Taliaferro (b. November 1, 1728)
+ . iv. Zachariah Taliaferro (b. August 29, 1730)
. v. Richard Taliaferro (b. February 15, 1730)
. vi. Charles Taliaferro (b. July 17, 1735)
. vii. Beheathland Taliaferro (b. August 20, 1738)
. viii. Peter Taliaferro (b. February 12, 1739)
. ix. Elizabeth Taliaferro (b. November 2, 1741)
. x. Rose Taliaferro (b. November 2, 1741)
. xi. Mary B. Taliaferro (b. October 6, 1743)
. xii. Francis Taliaferro (b. December 9, 1745)
. xiii. Richard Taliaferro (b. Sepember 2, 1747)[31]
February 15, 1764: Founding of the city of St. Louis in what would later be the state of Missouri.[32]
February 15, 1774: Valentine "Colonel" CRAWFORD (KILLED in Revolutionary War)
Birth 1724 in Berkeley Co, VA
Death January 17, 1777 in Jacobs Creek, Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, USA
Married to:Sarah MORGAN
Birth 1736 in Virginia, USA
Death February 15, 1774 in Frederick, Virginia, USA
Issue of Valentine and Sarah:
John Crawford
1753 – 1796
William Crawford (Killed in Revolutionary War)
1753 – 1782
George Washington Crawford
1760 – 1819[33]
Mount Vernon, February 15, 1774.
To Reverend Jonathan Boucher
Mt. Vernon. February 15, 1774
Dear Sir: Before Mr. Beall delivered me your letter of the 10th which came to hand later than I expected (under a supposition of his willingness to undertake my business on the Ohio) I had conditionally agreed with Mr. Val. Crawford for this purpose; who you must know had embarked in a courting scheme in this neighbourhood.[34] As I conceived the task of pleasing a Master and Mistress’ equal to that of two masters, I made a point of his settling this business somehow or other with the Lady before he undertook mine; and this he did unfavourably to his wishes, the very day Mr. Beall came here, and was at liberty for me.
I should have mentioned this to you by Mr. Beall, but was a good deal hurried just at that time by several persons on business who chanc’d to fall in here just as he did. Mrs. Washington desires me to thank you for your kind congratulations on her son’s marriage; and with compliments to Mrs., Miss Boucher and yourself in which we both join, I remn. Dr. Sir Yr. Most Obt.[35]
George Washington
February 15, 1774 Sarah Crawford, wife of Valentine Crawford, dies.[36]
February 15, 1776: From Halifax, Canada, on this day in 1776, Governor Francis Legge reports to British headquarters in London that traitorous elements in Cumberland, Nova Scotia, have contacted American General George Washington. Washington received a letter from the Nova Scotians, in which they expressed their sympathy for the American cause, on February 8. They invited General Washington and the Continental Army to invade Nova Scotia at his earliest possible convenience.
Legge found himself in a precarious position. He had alienated many of his constituents through a zealous anti-corruption probe. Now he reported that Nova Scotia had spawned a nascent revolutionary movement. Some of those whom Legge accused of corruption in his drive to clean up colonial politics had allies in the imperial capitol who were insisting that he explain himself in person.
Fortunately for Legge, little notice was taken of his subjects' letter to Washington. The Continental Congress decided on February 16 to allow General Washington to investigate the expediency and practicability of an Expedition to Nova Scotia, but cautioned that Washington should by no means accept the plan proposed for the destruction of the Town of Halifax. After Benedict Arnold retreated in May 1776 from his six-month long siege of Quebec, which included the disastrous attack Quebec on December 31, 1775, the Continental Army gave up its hope that Canada would join the rebellion. Still, Governor Legge received orders to return to London in February 1776 and departed Halifax in May.
Although Canada ceased to be a direct military target, it continued to play an important role as a haven for Loyalists and slaves fleeing from Patriots less concerned with other peoples' liberties than their own. On December 18, 1778, a force of New Jersey and New York Loyalists, The King's Orange Rangers, traveled to Liverpool, Nova Scotia, to help in its defense against Patriot privateers, privately owned ships that used pirate tactics to disrupt British shipping. The Rangers remained until August 23, 1783. Nova Scotia ultimately attracted 30,000 American Loyalists, one-tenth of which were fleeing African slaves. Of the slaves, one third eventually resettled in Sierra Leone. White Loyalists moved to Canada to flee the abuse of Patriot neighbors, African slaves came to British Canada in order to gain freedom from their Patriot owners.[37]
February 15, 1777
Col. William Crawfords military records. From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser 1969, pg. 135.
February 15, 1777: following warrant was issued: Colonel William Crawford, To Treasurer, February 15, 1777, for a warrant in his favor, raising and equipping the Virginia Regiment by him to be commanded for which he is to account $20,000.
Col. William Crawford, Virginia
To Treasurer
1777, February 15.
For a warrant in his favor, raising and equipping the Virginia Regiment by him to be Commanded for which he is to account. 20,000.[38]
February 15, 1781(20th of Shevat, 5541): Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German author and philosopher, passed away. Lessing was a friend of Moses Mendelssohn. According to these two friends, the test of religion is its effect on conduct. This is the moral of Lessing's Nathan the Wise (''Nathan der Weise''), the hero of which is undoubtedly Mendelssohn. One direct result of this pragmatism was unexpected. Having been taught that there is no absolutely true religion, Mendelssohn's own descendants, along with a large number of other German Jews, had a philosophically acceptable rational for converting to Christianity.[39]
February 15, 1789: Gabriel Smith10 [John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. 1764 / d. 1841) married Sarah Ann Downs (b. 1767 / d. 1833).
More about Gabriel Smith
* Gabriel is buried in the Old Poplar Springs Cemetery (Now Horsley), Haralson Co. GA.
* It is believed that Gabriel was also a part of the Militia in 1780 during the Revolutionary War.
* A photo copy, Georgia Dept of Archives and History, August 6, 1968 from the old family history. "Copy Photo" by Savory Albritton . Taken from a copy by Girlilee Thomason for heirs of Gabriel Smith, Sr. from Mrs. Lizzie Walker and Rev. War date from Montgomery Co., NC. Gabriel Sr. (1764-1842) enlisted in North Carolina Militia in 1780 from Montgomery Co., NC--Moved to Wilkes Co., Ga 1785 census page 44----Moved to Franklin County, Ga. 1802 (in the 1820 census of Habersham County, Ga.)--Moved to Carroll County, Ga in 1835. Carroll County Will Book B- page 39, will Apr 9, 1846-48 James C. Smith and Sarah Bunt
* !Bible record printed in Carroll Co. (GA) Genealogical Quarterly vol. II Fall & Winter 1981 No. 3 By Carroll Co. Genealogical Society pg 93 & 94. Births taken from this bible record where possible. "Gone To Georgia" Copyright 1965 by National Genealogical Society, special publication No. 30. pg 79 In Franklin Co., #2 Gabriel Smith enlisted in Montgomery Co., NC 1780; moved to Wilkes Co., Ga 1784 where he was taxed 1785 and then to Franklin Co., Ga 1802. !REV: "Roster of Rev. Soldiers in Ga." by McCall (Gen. R973.34) pg 274. Gabriel Smith applied for Pension in Franklin Co., Ga. CENSUS 1830 Franklin Co., Ga vol II Roll 209 dwelling 251/household 20 - 1male 60-70, 1 female 50-60. Census 1840 Carroll Co., GA 754th Div. pg 056. Census 1850 Carroll Co., GA 11th Div. pg 052. Census 1860 Carroll Co., GA Kansas Dist., P.O. Carrollton.
A. Children of Gabriel Smith and Sarah Downs:
. i. Ezekiel Smith (b. July 18, 1786 in Wilkes Co. GA)
+ . ii. Gideon Smith (b. October 8, 1787 in Wilkes Co. GA)
. iii. William Smith (b. February 15, 1789 in Wilkes Co. GA)
+ . iv. Richard Smith (b. June 13, 1790 in Elbert Co. GA)
+ . v. Mary Smith (b. October 1793 in Anson Co. NC / d. abt. 1833 in GA)
+ . vi. Morning Smith (b. October 1793)
+ . vii. Grace Louisa Francis Smith (b. January 1795 in Elbert Co. GA)[40]
1791 – February 15 - Samuel Anderson made a deposition before Benjamin Harrison a Justice of Bourbon County. [41]
February 15, 1798: After the occupation of Rome by General Berthier the local republicans dethroned the Pope. The Jews removed their yellow badges. Two days later a tree of freedom was planted in front of the synagogue.[42]
February 15, 1816
Feb 15, 1816 Samuel Chesire marries Sarah Godlove/Goodlove in Hampshire County, VA
Carter Harrison III (1825-1893)
Fayette Co., KY; Chicago, IL
Surnames Mentioned: HARRISON OWSLEY RANDOLPH RUSSELL
Repository ID # 8334 - extensive ancestry available in our online database.
Carter Harrison III, the 24th Mayor of Chicago was born in Fayette County Kentucky February 15, 1825 and could trace his ancestry back to Pocahontas through his grandmother Anne Cabell who was GGGG grandniece of Pocahontas.
He was the son of Carter Henry Harrison II and Caroline Russell. Caroline was the daughter of Col. William Russell. His father died soon after his birth in May of 1825. Carter received a classical education, graduating from Yale in 1845 and a law degree from Transylvania in 1855.
At first he tried his hand at farming, but when he moved to Chicago in 1855, Carter became a very lucrative landowner and a very prosperous real estate operator.
He built a very large house on was known as Reuben Street. Later when Hey Rube became a popular term of ridicule and the residents of the street were called Rubes, the residents had the streets name changed to Ashland Avenue. The houses were spacious and the grounds the size of country side farms.
Carter had a very bush beard and was described as follows: "The squire of the avenue was Mayor Carter H. Harrison who kept his big black bay mare named Kate in a stable near his house and liked to ride up and down the street in the manner of a plantation owner looking over his acreage". He described himself "unable to study out a problem or scheme sitting at his desk but did his best thinking at full gallop upon his flying steed"..
Among his closest friends were several former Kentuckians HH. Honre, Potter Palmer, John E. Owsley and F, H. Winston who were also all in real estate. His friends shared his optimism and considered him "whole-souled and honorable". And even though his political emenies condemned him it was also said he had a host of friends who had little in common with him socially but who "had the utmost confidence in him and who would divide with him their last crust bread". To quote from his journals he wrote "There were my good neighbors and true friends from all over the city . One by one they walked accrossed the polished plate and bent upon me a kindly look. Friends of every nationality, Teuton and Hibernian, Frenchman and Norseman, Bohemian and Dane, Italian and Swede, Christain and Jew, rich and poor, Ah! How I wish I could bid yon pale moon bear to them my own picture, looking as I feel, brimful of good will and running over with kindly fellowship. To one and all I drink in a cup as full as yon sea, a cup brimming over with affection."
Carter's second wife who he married April 12, 1855 was his cousin Sophonisba Grayson Preston, the daughter of William Preston and Hebe Carter Grayson and 7th great granddaughter of Pocahontas. She was born October 27, 1833 and died in September 1876. She bore him ten children six which died in infancy (see below).
From Carter Harrison's IV (his son) autobiography, The Stormy Years, we are given the following glimpses into life at the Harrison home. He speaks of dinner his father and John Owsley hosted given in the parlor of Carter's home which the boys were not even allowed to festivities of although they could hear the lusty singing of Good Old Yale, Drink Her Down!, Excelsior and other classics. "It was a small but joyous gathering of the Chicago Yale Club given to song, horseplay and wassail; there was a huge punchbowl into which my father had poured pitcher after pitcher of Bourbon whisky drawn from the barrell in his cellar".
Carter Harrison III first became mayor of Chicago April 1, 1879 when he defeated Abner M. Wright (Republican) & Ernst Schmidt (Socialist Labor). His second term was begun April 5, 1881 by Defeating John M. Clark (Republican), Timothy O'Meara (Independent) & George Schilling (Socialist Labor) . On April 3,1883 he defeated Eugene Cary (Republican) and began his third term. His fourth term followed April 7, 1885 when he defeated Sidney Smith (Republican) & William Bush (Prohibition).
In 1887 after being defeated he left on a tour of the world. When he returned he once again pursued politics and April 7, 1893 he was again elected mayor, Defeated Samuel W. Allerton (Republican), Dewitt C. Cregier (Un. Citizen) & Henry Ehrenpreis (socialist Labor). But this term was cut short. On October 23, 1893 during the Chicago World's Fair he was assassinated at his home.
First Generation:
•Willie born 1856 died in infancy
•Caroline Dudley born 3/28/1857
•Carter Henry born 4/23/1860 died 12/25/1953
•Hebe Grayson born 1862 died in infancy
•Child unnamed born 1864 died in infancy
•Randolf born 1866 died in infancy
•Harry Grayson born 1868 died in infancy
•William Preston born 4/12/1869
•Gracie born 1871 died in infancy
•Edith born 12/17/1873
Carter Harrison Sr terms as Mayor of Chicago:
*********************************
Carter Henry Harrison, Sr.
24th Mayor of Chicago
Party: Democrat
Elected:
1st term: April 1, 1879 Defeated Abner M. Wright (Republican) & Ernst Schmidt (Socialist Labor)
2nd term: April 5, 1881 Defeated John M. Clark (Republican), Timothy O'Meara (Independent) & George Schilling (Socialist Labor)
3rd term: April 3,1883 Defeated Eugene Cary (Republican)
4th term: April 7, 1885 Defeated Sidney Smith (Republican) & William Bush (Prohibition)
5th term: April 17, 1893 Defeated Samuel W. Allerton (Republican), Dewitt C. Cregier (Un. Citizen) & Henry Ehrenpreis (socialist Labor)
Inauguration:
•1st term: April 28, 1879
•2nd term: May 9, 1881
•3rd term: May 14, 1883
•4th term: June 8, 1885
•5th term: April 17, 1893
Terms of office:
•1st term: 1879-1881
•2nd term: 1881-1883
•3rd term: 1883-1885
•4th term: 1885-1887
•5th term: 1893
Birth: February 15, 1825
Death: October 28, 1893. Shot & Killed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:
The Stormy Years (autobiography of Carter Harrison Jr.), and the Biography of Carter Harrison I, and assorted notes of Edna B Owsley (his granddaughter).
Submitted by Milancie Adams. Visit her website Keeping the Chain Unbroken: Owsley and Hill Family History Website for additional info on this family. Note - be sure to go to her home page and follow some of the other Harrison links in her family as well.
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Return to Index of Harrison Biographies
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The Harrison Genealogy Repository http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~harrisonrep
Last Updated: 21 February 1998
© 1998 Josephine Bass and Becky Bonner. All rights reserved.
Becky Bonner E-Mail Address: bbbonner@cox.net
Josephine Lindsay Bass E-Mail Address: jbass@digital.net
[43]
Carter Henry Harrison
Birth:
Feb. 15, 1825
Death:
Oct. 28, 1893
24th Chicago Mayor. Served as Mayor of Chicago from 1879 to 1887 and in 1893. He brought Chicago to international notoriety by hosting the Columbian Exposition, the World's Fair of 1893, and being assassinated by a disgruntled office seeker the day before the fair ended. The Chicago City Council established the Carter H. Harrison and Lambert Tree awards on November 9, 1885 upon receipt of a $700 donation from Mayor Carter Henry Harrison and Judge Lambert Tree, specifically to honor annually the gallant and meritorious service of one member from each of the Police and Fire Departments. These medals are civilian awards given annually to an individual member of the Police and Fire Departments who demonstrate outstanding bravery in the line of duty. Currently, the medal presentations are rotated from year to year, so neither award is perceived as better than the other. The awards are given out during Fire Prevention Week in October each year for the preceding twelve months. In 1999, the Fire Department designee received the Lambert Tree Award, thus in October, 2000, the department recipient will receive the Carter H. Harrison Award. The Lambert Tree and Carter H. Harrison Awards have been presented annually (with the exception of the years 1890 to 1896) since March 4, 1887. (bio by K. Kruse)
Family links:
Parents:
Carter Henry Harrison (1796 - 1825)
Caroline E Russell Harrison (1797 - 1875)
.jpg)
Burial:
Graceland Cemetery
Chicago
Cook County
Illinois, USA
Maintained by: Find A Grave
Record added: Mar 04, 2000
Find A Grave Memorial# 8704
Added by: Garver Graver
Added by: Karen Kruse
Cemetery Photo
Added by: David M. Habben
[44]
Mon. February 15, 1864
Commence raining. Rained 2 hours – cleared off – sun came out hot
2 prisoners came in from texas
6 rebel deserters today – saw one wis. Block reg.[45][46]
February 15, 1864: The Old Crawford Cemetery
This Cemetery was located on the Stephenson farm, along the Ohio River, east of Manchester. A power company bought the land and moved the bodies and monuments to the cemetery in Manchester, OH. H. Marjorie Crawford saw the new markers and took pictures of them in the summer of 1979.
Gravestone Inscriptions as copied in old Crawford Cemetery by H, Margorie Crawford, September 4, 1949:
1. All on one big stone which has fallen over:
Jno. Crawford, died September 22, 1816. Aged 66 1/3 years.
Effy Crawford, died November 22, 1822
Hannah P. Crawford, died July 16, 1826
Moses Crawford, died 1808
Sarah Rowland, late Sarah Crawford, died----
Thomas, son of Sarah Rowland, died---
2. Near the first stone and still standing:
William Rowland, born December 25, 1775, died November 27, 1856.
3. Some distance from the first two markers:
Infant, February 15, 1865, February 28, 1865
Infant, February 14, 1862, February 20, 1862.
Sons of C. and M. Taylor. [47]
February 15, 1864: Godlove, Benjamin J. Age 21. Residence Yatton, nativity Ohio. Enlisted August 24, 1861. Mustered September 6, 1861. Wounded severely in leg January 8, 1862, near Charlestown, Mo. Wounded severely in left foot May 16, 1863, Champion Hills, Miss. Transferred to Invalid Corps, February 15, 1864. No further record.[48]
February 15, 1876: On January 10, 1850 when Marcus was 42, he second married Mary Ann MILLER, in Carroll County, Missouri. [4] Born in 1812.
They had the following children:
i. Columbus. Born in 1850.
ii. Lavenia. Born on April 13, 1853 in Missouri. Lavenia died in Missouri on July 1, 1867; she was 14. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri.
iii. Sara Elizabeth “Lizzie”. Born about 1854. Sara Elizabeth “Lizzie” died in September 1885; she was 31.
iv. Tolbert Tipton “Tip”. Born on January 19, 1855 in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri. Tolbert Tipton “Tip” died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on November 29, 1935; he was 80.
v. Letucia. Born on October 8, 1859 in Missouri. Letucia died in Missouri on February 15, 1876; she was 16. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri.
vi. John P. Born on September 17, 1861 in Missouri. John P. died in Missouri on November 23, 1898; he was 37. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri. [49]
•
February 15, 1886: Zofie Gottliebova February 15, 1886, Be-September 1, 1942 Raasika, 42, 947 zahynulych , 52 osvobozenych [50]
February 15, 1933: President-elect Roosevelt i9s unhurt when Chicago mayor Anton Cermak is killed by a bullet fired by Giuseppe Zangara, while both are riding in a motorcade in Miami, Florida.[51] On this day in 1933, a deranged, unemployed brick layer named Giuseppe Zangara shouts Too many people are starving! and fires a gun at America's president-elect, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Roosevelt had just delivered a speech in Miami's Bayfront Park from the back seat of his open touring car when Zangara opened fire with six rounds. Five people were hit. The president escaped injury but the mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak, who was also in attendance, received a mortal stomach wound in the attack.
Several men tackled the assailant and might have beaten him to death if Roosevelt had not intervened, telling the crowd to leave justice to the authorities. Zangara later claimed I don't hate Mr. Roosevelt personallyI hate all officials and anyone who is rich. He also told the FBI that chronic stomach pain led to his action: Since my stomach hurt I want to make even with the capitalists by kill the president. My stomach hurt long time [sic].
Zangara's extreme action reflected the anger and frustration felt among many working Americans during the Great Depression. At the time of the shooting, Roosevelt was still only the president-elect and had yet to be sworn in. His policies remained untested, but reports of Roosevelt's composure during the assassination attempt filled the following day's newspapers and did much to enforce Roosevelt's public image as a strong leader.
Unsubstantiated reports later claimed that Zangara's real target had been Cermak and hinted at Zangara's connection to organized crime in Chicago. Zangara was initially tried for attempted murder and sentenced to 80 years in prison, but when Mayor Cermak later died of his wounds, Zangara was retried and sentenced to death. Zangara died on the electric chair on March 5, 1933.[52]
February 15, 1923: Petr Gottlieb, born February 15, 1923. By October 26, 1942. Transport Ba – Praha
Terezin 10. srpna 1942.
•
• 1287 zahynulych
• 165 osvobozenych
• 8 osudu nezjisteno[53]
February 15, 1938: The Austrian government declared a general amnesty for Nazis.[54]
February 15, 1942: The British surrender Singapore to the Japanese.[55]
February 15 : The first mass gassings of Jews at the Auschwitz death camp begin. [56]
Convoy 48 arrived in Auschwitz on February 15. One hundred forty four men were selected and received numbers 102350 through 102492. One hundred sixty seven women received numbers 35357 through 35523. The rest of the convoy was immediately gassed.
In 1945 there were 17 survivors from among the 311 selected. One was a woman.[57]
February 15, 1943(10th of Adar I, 5703): Four hundred fifty of the Jews remaining in the ghetto at Drohobych were taken out of the ghetto to Bronica Forest where they were murdered.[58]
February 15, 1943: Rutka Laskier, a fourteen year old living in Bedzin, Poland writes in her diary: “Monday
I haven’t written in while and there was nothing to write about. Maybe just the fact that the Germans have retreated from the Eastern front, which may signal the nearing of the end of the war… I'm only afraid that we, the Jews, will be finished before ...But how shrewd am I, I have written already so much about the war and nothing about myself. Janek hasn't been seen since Wednesday. I must admit that I miss him, I mean, not him but his forehead. He has a wonderful white forehead ... I'm curious if Jumek is still in love with Tusia. Actually, he's a good guy. I like him, but not in the same way I like Mietek. With Mulek you can talk and forget about the sex difference, and I like that very much. When you talk to Janek, he is always very polite, reserved, just waiting for the moment he can help me with something and in that way, show me his superiority. Oh, him and his superiority! I can't stand it, that's why I liked Lolek. Actually, I still like him, but I haven't seen him in a while. I plan to go to Lolek in order to get the book "P.P." I heard it's great. It would be a great opportunity also to talk with Tuska about Rozka. I hate those two; I hate Rozka even more than Tuska. I had an argument with Tuska but it was for her own good. I saw how jealous she was (though at that time I didn't understand that). She was afraid to leave me alone in the room with Janek. I made a scene and we fell out. She was basically very pleased with it. And one more thing: I have decided to let Janek kiss me. Eventually, someone will kiss me for the first time, so let it be Janek. I do like him.” In August, the Laskiers were sent to Auschwitz, where Rutka and her mother, grandmother and brother were all killed. [59]
February 15, 1945: Under repair at Hunters Point November 17,1944– February 9 1945 and in training off Hawaii February 15,– March 3,, Morrison missed the Iwo Jima invasion with her squadron but on March 21, returned to Ulithi. Four days later, she sortied with the Fifth Fleet for the Okinawa invasion. Arriving off Okinawa on the 25th, Morrison’s first action came on the 31st. While escorting a convoy, Stockton had attacked and apparently damaged Japanese submarine I-8. Steaming to relieve her, Morrison attacked with depth charges, forced the sub to surface and then sank it with gunfire. [60] Uncle Howard Snell was on board the Morrison.
February 15, 1945: Seventy thousand people are killed in Dresden, Germany, during a series of bombing raids by the United States and British air force.[61]
Febraury 15, 1959: On December 21, 1879 when William Crawford was 34, he married Martha A. JENKINS. Born on January 20, 1859 in Keytesville, Missouri. Martha A. died in Keytesville, Missouri on April 22, 1925; she was 66.
They had the following children:
i. Charles Marcus. Born on August 25, 1880 in Chariton County, Missouri. Charles Marcus died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on August 24, 1883; he was 2. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri.
ii. James Augustus. Born on April 1, 1884 in Triplett, Chariton County, Missouri. James Augustus died in Marecline, Linn County, Missouri on February 15, 1959; he was 74.
23 iii. Stella Verlea (1892-1964)
iv. William Roy. Born on September 12, 1888 in Near Keytesville, Missouri. William Roy died in Watertown, South Dakota on August 15, 1972; he was 83.
William Roy married Lilly Viola STROUP.
24 v. Jodie Arbelle (1899-1986) [62]
7th and 8th centuries…Received: February 15, 2005
Address for correspondence: Ellen Coffman, Ellenlevy66@yahoo.com
Early on, the unique history of the Jews attracted DNA researchers who sought to solve the mystery of the origins of the Jewish people. Researchers had previously relied on linguistic, anthropological and archaeological evidence to try to address this question; genetic genealogical research has opened up a new area for researchers to explore.
One question the DNA studies sought to answer was whether the genetic ancestry of contemporary Jewish populations demonstrated, to any degree, their supposed descent from the ancient Israelites of the Middle East of three thousand years ago. Or rather, did the DNA evidence indicate that Jews were simply a people who came into being in Europe during the Diaspora years, being mainly comprised of those descended from European ancestors? Or, as some historical researchers suggested, did the DNA of Jews mainly reflect ancestry from the Khazars, an ancient tribal people with roots in both Central Asia and Russia who converted to Judaism in the 8th century?
This paper represents a new examination and reassessment of the Jewish DNA studies to date, presenting possible alternative explanations for the origins and distribution of certain genetic markers among Jewish populations, and in particular, among the group of Jews known as “Ashkenazim.”
Recent genetic research has greatly expanded our understanding of the probable origins and distinct geographic patterns of certain groups of people, including Jews. This recent research has superceded some of the earlier studies on Jewish DNA, allowing a reassessment of the theories of Jewish origins in light of this new research.
The new analysis shows that Jewish ancestry reflects a mosaic of genetic sources. While earlier studies focused on the Middle Eastern component of Jewish DNA, new research has revealed that both Europeans and Central Asians also made significant genetic contributions to Jewish ancestry. Moreover, while the DNA studies have confirmed the close genetic interrelatedness of many Jewish communities, they have also confirmed what many suspected all along: Jews do not constitute a single group distinct from all others. Rather, modern Jews exhibit a diversity of genetic profiles, some reflective of their Semitic/Mediterranean ancestry, but others suggesting an origin in European and Central Asian groups. The blending of European, Semitic, Central Asian and Mediterranean heritage over the centuries has led to today’s Jewish populations.
In examining Y chromosomal diversity in this review, two types of data are considered: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and Short Tandem Repeat Loci (STRs). STR markers are characterized by mutation rates much higher than those seen with SNPs. SNPs, on the other hand, are derived from rare nucleotide changes along the Y chromosome, so-called unique event polymorphisms (UEP). These UEPs represent a single historical mutational event, occurring only once in the course of human evolution. UEPs have been given a unified nomenclature system by the Y Chromosome Consortium (2002), resulting in the identification of each UEP with a particular haplogroup.
While I examine both types of Y chromosome data, I rely primarily on SNP data due to its increasing use by researchers as a tool in reconstructing the peopling of the world. Research on the diversity and geographic patterns of haplogroups have provided researchers with a greatly expanded understanding of prehistoric movements of people and a means of better understanding the present-day genetic variation among populations. Research with STR “haplotypes” is also occasionally discussed in this paper, particularly in light of its ability to demonstrate a high rate of endogamy, genetic drift, and founder effects among Jewish populations.
Examination of mitochondrial DNA, on the other hand, is based on the combined polymorphisms of the control region (hypervariable segments I and II, or HVSI and HVSII) along with specific SNPs in the coding regions of DNA found in the mitochondria. Both males and females have mtDNA, which they have inherited from their mothers, whereas Y chromosome DNA is found only in males and is inherited directly from their fathers.
Like the Y chromosome data, mtDNA sequences are sorted into major phylogenetic haplogroups as well. Recent analysis on both mtDNA and Y chromosome SNPs have allowed researchers to further divide many haplogroups into sub-branches, known in the DNA literature as “sub-clades.” The geographic distribution of mtDNA haplogroups and their sub-clades also adds to our understanding of relationships of groups of people, including Jewish populations.
The Birth of European Judaism
This section is intended to provide the reader with a brief history of the Jews in Europe as well as define terms used frequently in the Jewish DNA studies, such as “Diaspora,” “Sephardim,” and “Ashkenazim.” Furthermore, since Jews appear to have both Israelite/Middle Eastern and European genetic ancestry, an understanding of the Jewish experience in Europe is important in explaining how European ancestry became an integral part of the Jewish genetic makeup. However, this section is not intended to be an extensive recounting of the history of the Ashkenazi people.
The birth of European Judaism begins with the Diaspora. “Diaspora” is a term derived from the Greek work meaning “scattering.” While the word was originally used by ancient peoples to identify any group that was exiled or resettled from their homeland, the term has now become particularly associated with the Jewish exile from ancient Israel and resettlement elsewhere.
The Jews resettled in many distant lands, even as far as China. This work, however, focuses specifically on the Ashkenazi Jewish experience. Jews were subdivided into groups depending on where they resettled. Ashkenazi Jews are the Jews of France, Germany, and Eastern Europe. Sephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal and North Africa. Mizrachi/Oriental Jews are the Jews of the Middle East. Certain Jewish communities do not fit into these distinctive groupings – in particular, the Falasha Jews of Ethiopia and the Chinese Jews.
Contemporary Jewry is comprised of approximately 13 million people, of whom 5.7 million live in the United States, 4.7 million live in Israel, and the remainder resides throughout the world (Ostrer 2001). Approximately 90% of the Jews of the U.S. are of Ashkenazi origin, while among the Jews of Israel, 47% are Ashkenazi, 30% are Sephardic, and 23% are of Mizrachi/Oriental origin (Ostrer 2001). Within Jewish groups, membership in three male castes (Cohen, Levi, and Israelite) is determined by paternal descent (Behar et al. 2003).
The history and genetic ancestry of Sephardic Jews is dealt with in only a cursory fashion here. There have been only very limited genetic studies on Jews of Sephardic descent, while in contrast, many DNA studies have explored the genetic ancestry of Ashkenazi Jews. Thus, the primary focus of this work is on Ashkenazim DNA results, but also included is a comparison of Sephardic and Ashkenazi results pertaining to Y chromosome haplogroups J and E.
The word “Ashkenazi” is derived from the Hebrew word for Germany, while “Sephardic” is derived form the Hebrew word for Spain. The word “Ashkenazi” was first used in medieval rabbinical literature to define western European Jews. An interesting story was related by author Arthur Koestler, who noted that the term “Ashkenaz” is also mentioned in the Hebrew bible, referring to a people living somewhere in the vicinity of Armenia. Probably for this reason, the Khazars, a people who lived in and around this area in ancient times and converted to Judaism in the 7th- 8th centuries, came to believe they were the descendants of these biblical people. Some scholars argue that they began to call themselves “Ashkenazim” when they migrated to Poland in the 13th century. Eventually, perhaps, the term came to describe the community as a whole, not just the Khazarian immigrants (Koestler 1976, pp. 181-182).
While the Jews of today are connected historically and religiously to the Jews of ancient Israel, the DNA evidence also indicates that a significant amount of Jewish ancestry can be traced directly back to their Israelite/Middle Eastern ancestors. However, these ancestors represented a heterogeneous mix of Semitic and Mediterranean groups, even at their very beginnings.[63]
February 15, 2013: Asteroid 2012 DA14 will pass inside the geosynchronous satellite ring, located about 35,800 km above the equator. Its orbit about the sun can bring it no closer to the Earth's surface than 3.2 Earth radii on February 15, 2013. On this date, the asteroid will travel rapidly from the southern evening sky into the northern morning sky with its closest Earth approach occurring about 19:26 UTC when it will achieve a magnitude of less than seven, which is somewhat fainter than naked eye visibility. About 4 minutes after its Earth close approach, there is a good chance it will pass into the Earth's shadow for about 18 minutes or so before reappearing from the eclipse. When traveling rapidly into the northern morning sky, 2012 DA14 will quickly fade in brightness. [64]
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] Chain of Tradition-Kohanim through the Ages . DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004, pg 115.
[3] The Anchor Bible: Ezra-Nehemiah by Jacob M. Myers 1965. pgs. 55-57.
[4] The Anchor Bible: Ezra-Nehemiah by Jacob M. Myers 1965. pgs. 64-67.
[5] Comets, Prophets of Doom, 3/13/2005. H2.
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[7] Chain of Tradition-Kohanim through the Ages . DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004, pg 115.
[8] mike@abcomputers.com
[9] mike@abcomputers.com
[10] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 61, 68
[11] The Ten Tribes, A World History, by Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, page 123.
[12] 365 Fascinating Factys about the Holy Land, by Clarence H. Wagner, Jr.
[13] http://www.talonsite.com/tlineframe.htm
[14] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 101.
[15] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 24, 68.
[16] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 101
[17] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[18] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[19] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[20] The Grand Canyon, September 5
[21] Timeline of Cherokee Removal
[22] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[23] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[24] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[25] [4] Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1987), 242. www.wikipedia.org
[26] The Grand Canyon, September 5, 2011
[27] www.wikipedia.org
[28] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
[29] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_galilei
[30] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[31] Proposed descendants of William Smith
[32] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[33] http://www.familytreecircles.com/the-revolutionary-patriot-family-of-nancy-harrison-mckinnon-49896.html
[34] Evidence of Valentine Crawford spending time at Washington’s home at Mt. Vernon, at this time it appears, Valentine’s wife was deceased; when he then became interested in a lady friend in Washington’s locality, near Mt. Vernon. (From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969. pp. 81-82.)
[35] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799, john C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 3.
[36] The Brothers Crawford.
[37] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nova-scotia-governor-sends-word-of-potential-american-invasion
[38] The Brothers Crawford, Allen W. Scholl, 1995
[39] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[40] Grace Louisa Francis Smith (b. January 1795, d. date unknown)
Grace Louisa Francis Smith (daughter of Gabriel Smith and Sarah Ann Downs) was born January 1795 in Elbert County, Georgia, and died date unknown. She married Thomas Bishop Nix on March 02, 1820 in Franklin County, Georgia, son of Joseph Nix and Martha Bishop.
Notes for Grace Louisa Francis Smith:
In a860 Grace had five children ($200/$200 property) were ennumerated in Rockdale area; in 1870 she with daughters Martha and Francis, a 27 year old male born in Alabama, $100/$100 property had Milner post office; in 1880 she and Martha were in household of son, Wiley in Halpins, Beat #13. When two properties are valued on census, the 1st is land and the 2nd is personal peroperty. Grace owned land but records may have been destroyed in the mid-1890's.
To clarify names given Grace: Grace in 1850 Census, Louisa F. in 1860 Census and Francis in 1870 and 1880 Census. Thomas is not on census after 1850.
More About Grace Louisa Francis Smith and Thomas Bishop Nix:
Marriage: March 02, 1820, Franklin County, Georgia.
Children of Grace Louisa Francis Smith and Thomas Bishop Nix are:
i.+John Ausin Nix, b. 1822, Franklin County, Georgia, d. Bet. 1865 - 1908, Randolph County, Alabama.
ii.John Nix, b. 1823, d. date unknown.
iii.Unknown Nix, b. 1825, d. date unknown.
iv.Gabriel Nix, b. 1827, d. date unknown.
v.Rebecca Sarah Ann Nix, b. 1829, d. date unknown.
vi.Vesta Nix, b. 1830, d. date unknown.
vii.Minerva Nix, b. 1833, d. date unknown.
viii.Martha A. Nix, b. 1834, d. date unknown.
ix.Mahulda Nix, b. 1836, d. date unknown.
x.Francis Jane Nix, b. 1838, d. date unknown.
xi.Jeremiah J. Nix, b. 1839, d. date unknown.
xii.Wiley A. Nix, b. 1840, Coventon, Walton County, Georgia, d. date unknown.
xiii.Grace Louisa Francis Smith (b. January 1795, d. date unknown)
xiv.Grace Louisa Francis Smith (daughter of Gabriel Smith and Sarah Ann Downs) was born January 1795 in Elbert County, Georgia, and died date unknown. She married Thomas Bishop Nix on March 02, 1820 in Franklin County, Georgia, son of Joseph Nix and Martha Bishop.
xv.
xvi. Notes for Grace Louisa Francis Smith:
xvii.In a860 Grace had five children ($200/$200 property) were ennumerated in Rockdale area; in 1870 she with daughters Martha and Francis, a 27 year old male born in Alabama, $100/$100 property had Milner post office; in 1880 she and Martha were in household of son, Wiley in Halpins, Beat #13. When two properties are valued on census, the 1st is land and the 2nd is personal peroperty. Grace owned land but records may have been destroyed in the mid-1890's.
xviii.
xix.
xx.To clarify names given Grace: Grace in 1850 Census, Louisa F. in 1860 Census and Francis in 1870 and 1880 Census. Thomas is not on census after 1850.
xxi.
xxii.More About Grace Louisa Francis Smith and Thomas Bishop Nix:
xxiii.Marriage: March 02, 1820, Franklin County, Georgia.
xxiv.
xxv.Children of Grace Louisa Francis Smith and Thomas Bishop Nix are:
xxvi.+John Ausin Nix, b. 1822, Franklin County, Georgia, d. Bet. 1865 - 1908, Randolph County, Alabama.
xxvii.John Nix, b. 1823, d. date unknown.
xxviii.Unknown Nix, b. 1825, d. date unknown.
xxix.Gabriel Nix, b. 1827, d. date unknown.
xxx.Rebecca Sarah Ann Nix, b. 1829, d. date unknown.
xxxi.Vesta Nix, b. 1830, d. date unknown.
xxxii.Minerva Nix, b. 1833, d. date unknown.
xxxiii.Martha A. Nix, b. 1834, d. date unknown.
xxxiv.Mahulda Nix, b. 1836, d. date unknown.
xxxv.Francis Jane Nix, b. 1838, d. date unknown.
xxxvi.Jeremiah J. Nix, b. 1839, d. date unknown.
xxxvii.Wiley A. Nix, b. 1840, Coventon, Walton County, Georgia, d. date unknown.
xxxviii.
[41] (Chalkley, v. 1, p. 406) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[42] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[43] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/harrbios/carterharr3IL.htm
[44] http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8704
[45] Company F, 29th Regiment U.S. Colored Troops: Under the Civil War draft, each state had to supply a quota of soldiers. In order to meet those quotas, states were allowed to pay people to serve in place of others. Company F of the 29th Infantry, U.S. Colored Troops, was made up primarily of Black Illinois soldiers who agreed to take the place of Wisconsin residents, and was credited to Wisconsin. Though most were from Illinois or Missouri, a handful of Wisconsin African Americans, such as Sgt. Alfred Weaver, a former slave living in Vernon County, did join Company F, and other members of it settled in Wisconsin after the war. Company F saw action mostly late in the war, in the Petersburg Campaign, the Richmond Campaign, the Richmond Campaign, and the Appomattox Campaign, at which some witnessed the surrender of Robert E. Lee. The link below shows a list of all the soldiers who served in the unit. Although most were credited to Wisconsin in order to meet draft quotas, very few had actually ever lived in Wisconsin.
1996-2006 Wisconsin Historical Society 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=995
[46] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove
[47] (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pge. 454.21)
[48]10th Iowa Volunteers, Company E.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~iahardin/civilwar/10th_inf/10th-inf-g.htm
[49] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[50] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy
[51] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[52] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fdr-escapes-assassination-in-miami
[53] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy
[54] Thisdayinjewishhistory.com
[55] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1770.
[56] http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Chronology_1942.html
[57] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 377.
[58] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[59] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[60] http://destroyerhistory.org/fletcherclass/ussmorrison/
[61] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[62] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[63] http://www.jogg.info/11/coffman.htm
[64] Nasa, Near Earth website. March 25, 2012
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