This Day in Goodlove History, February 14

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February 14, 278: On February 14 around the year 278 A.D., Valentine, a holy priest in Rome in the days of Emperor Claudius II, was executed. Under the rule of Claudius the Cruel, Rome was involved in many unpopular and bloody campaigns. The emperor had to maintain a strong army, but was having a difficult time getting soldiers to join his military leagues. Claudius believed that Roman men were unwilling to join the army because of their strong attachment to their wives and families. To get rid of the problem, Claudius banned all marriages and engagements in Rome. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Valentine was arrested and dragged before the Prefect of Rome, who condemned him to be beaten to death with clubs and to have his head cut off. The sentence was carried out on February 14, on or about the year 270. Legend also has it that while in jail, St. Valentine left a farewell note for the jailer's daughter, who had become his friend, and signed it "From Your Valentine." For his great service, Valentine was named a saint after his death.In truth, actual origins and identity of St. Valentine are unclear. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, "At least three different Saint Valentines, all of them martyrs, are mentioned in the early martyrologies under the date of 14 February." One was a priest in Rome, the second one was a bishop of Interamna (now Terni, Italy) and the third St. Valentine was a martyr in the Roman province of Africa. Legends vary on how the martyr's name became connected with romance. The date of his death may have become mingled with the Feast of Lupercalia, a pagan festival of love. On these occasions, the names of young women were placed in a box, from which they were drawn by the men as chance directed. In 496 AD, Pope Gelasius decided to put an end to the Feast of Lupercalia, and he declared that February 14 be celebrated as St Valentine's Day. Gradually, February 14 became a date for exchanging love messages, poems and simple gifts such as flowers.[1]

279 RAV AMI AND RAV ASSI (Eretz Israel)

Headed the academy of Tiberias at a time when the center of Torah authority was being transferred from Eretz Israel to Babylon. The Judean Amoraim subordinated themselves to their Babylonian colleagues. [2]

280 A.D.: Radio Carbon dating shows that the “Gospel of Judas” dates to 280 A.D., plus or minus 50 years. [3] The Nag Hamani Library was dated to the Third and fourth centuries, the same time that the Gospel of Judas was said to be copied.[4]

February 14, 1076: Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. This dispute between Pope and Royal Ruler was one of many struggles that ranged between Princes of the Church and Temporal Princes for political power. This one did not involve the Jews but it did affect them. For his time, Henry treated his Jewish subjects well. He challenged the anti-Semitism of the many church officials by claiming his Jewish subjects as “belonging to our Chamber.” In other words they came under his jurisdiction and protection. Seeing the economic benefit of allowing the Jews to play an active role in his realm, Henry exempted the Jews from “custom duties in imperial towns and they enjoyed trade and travel privileges throughout his empire.” History may remember the penitent Henry shivering in the snows outside the Papal Palace. For the Jews, he was a bright beacon in world growing ever darker under the menace of crusader mobs.[5]



1077: The Turks in 1077 captured Jerusalem from the Arabs.[6] First English Cluniac monastery at Lewes, St. Albans Abbey built, Almoravid Dynasty in Ghana to 1087, Henry HRE does penance to Gregory at Canossa, Civil warin HRE to 1080. [7]



February 14, 1130: Pope Innocent II appointed February 14 (Lorenzo Papareschi, Pueblo peoples at Pueblo Bonito, NM[8]

Saturday, February 14, 1349: In Strasbourg, a riot ensued in the town after corn prices fell. The Jews were accused (despite the protests of the city council) of a conspiracy. [9]

Day of the St. Valentine’s Day, the Jewish district was encircled.[10] All its inhabitants were taken by crowd to the cemetery of the community, where one piled up them on immense to rough-hewq. Two thousand Jews were burned to death. Only a certain number of children and some adults escaped who abjured their faith (accepted Christianity.) [11] The goods of the torture victims were shared between the middle class men, the bishop and the municipality. The amounts receivable were destroyed and certain pledges returned to their owners who lived out of Strasbourg. [12]

The Emperor Charles IV, after having threatened the city of reprisals to have dared to massacre his Jews, granted to him, a few months later, his forgiveness. A closure was taken by the Magistrate, who prohibits for two hundred years any admission of Jews in the city, and the possessions of Strasbourg. [13]

The destruction of the Jewish population of Strasbourg did not preserve the city of the epidemic of Black Death. It fell down on it a few weeks after the massacre. [14]

The majority of the historians and chroniclers, by bringing back the episode of the “Judenbrand”, do not hesitate to allot for it the responsibility yto cupitity for the middle class men of Strasbourg, eager to adapt the goods of the jews, or to be released from the debts which they had contracted towards the members of the community.[15]

Twenty years later, the Jews were readmitted.[16]

February 14, 1727: Benedict XIII issuesd Emanavit nuper, a Papal Bull, dealing with “the necessary conditions for imposing baptism on a Jew.”[17]

February 14, 1743: Henry Pelham, a member of the Whigs, became British Prime Minister. In 1753 Pelham “brought in the Jew Bill of 1753, which allowed Jews to become naturalized by application to Parliament.” The House of Lords approved the bill. But the Tories in the House of Commons tried to defeat it claiming it was “an abandonment of Christianity.” However Pelham and the Whigs prevailed and the bill passed and then was approved by the crown.[18]

February 14, 1771: Colonel Washington acquired a measure of title to the Fort Necessity plantinat Great Meadows on October 17, when he purchased the interest of William Brooks in a survey dated February 14, 1771, based on an earlier application to the land Office of Pennsylvania, June 13, 1769.[19]

February 14, 1776: Fifth Regiment General Stevens Brigade, William Crawford was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He served until August 14, 1776. He was promoted to colonel at Trenton, NJ, December 26, 1776, of the Seventh Regiment which he headed 1776-1778. It was raised largely by William Crawford in the district of West Augusta. It was accepted by Congress February 29, 1776 and was taken on the Continental Establishment June 17, 1776. It seems to have been attached to General Woodford’s Brigade during its entire term of service. The Regiment was nearly cut to pieces in the defeat at Brandywine. Evidently it was largely recruited after that date, as the rearrangement in September 1776. The Seventh Regiment alone of the first nine regiments maintained its separate existence, not being combined with any other. It was renumbered the Fifth Regiment under the following commands. Colonel William Dangerfleld, February 19, 1776 - August 13, 1776, resigned. Colonel William Crawford, August 14, 1776 - March 4, 1777, resigned. Colonel Alexander McClenhan, October 7, 1776 - May 13, 1778, resigned. Thirteenth Regiment 1776-1778. This was the fourth of the six regiments of October 1776. It was raised in West Augusta District, largely through the efforts of Colonel William Crawford of the Seventh Regiment. It formed part of Muhlenberg’s Brigade in September 1778, it was renumbered the Ninth Regiment.[20]\

February 14, 1833 – Treaty of Fort Gibson correcting conflicts between land guarantees to the Cherokee and land guarantees to the Muscogee.[21]

February 14, 1839: James Samuel Younger b: August 25, 1831 in Tennessee d: September 05, 1905 in Stone County, Arkansas m Sept, 7 1854 Rutha Frances Younger b: February 14, 1839 in Halifax County,Virginia d October 04, 1912 Stone County, Arkansas (Father: Armistead Younger Mother: Rebecca Crews)[22]

February 14, 1855:




1-5-5-1-1-4-4


AMY WINANS b September 19, 1834 in Shelby Co., Ohio d March 31, 1929 at Los Angeles, Calif. buried at Santa Ana, Calif. md May 15, 1853 at Quincy, Ohio James Dotson Cornell b January 13, 1831 at Quincy, Logan,






Ohio d October 8, 1907 at Springville, Iowa son of Benjamin and Sophia (Cornell Family Bible says Lephia and James' death certificate says Lepha) (Hammond) Cornell. They had the following children:
1.Susan Elizabeth Cornell b February 14, 1855 at Springville, Iowa md November 1875 Everett T. Oxley b December 22, 1852 in Linn Co., Ia. son of James M. Oxley. Susan and Everett had the following children:
1.Edgar F. Oxley.
2.Nellie L. Oxley who md Lou Pemble and they had a dau, Beverly. Nellie d when Beverly was born and Beverly was raised by her Aunt Florence Ruby Oxley. Beverly is now Mrs. Harry Glawe and lives at Dana, Greene Co., Ia.
3.Mabel A. Oxley.
4.Herman Oxley.
5.Florence Ruby Oxley.
6.Richard Oxley.
7.Harold Oxley who d in World War 1.

Oxleys moved to Dana, Greene, Ia. 1876.
2.Ella Jane Cornell b August 20, 1858 at Bristow, Butler Co., Ia. d May 23, 1949 at Los Angeles, Calif, buried in Roosevelt Memorial Cemetery at Gardena, Calif, md October 3, 1889 at Springville, Ia. William La Fayette Brown b October 31, 1863 near Waterloo, Black Hawk Co., Ia. son of Peris P. and Caroline L. (Ross) Brown d October 3, 1944 at Truro, Ia. buried there. They had the following children:
1.Hallie Lynn Brown b August 2, 1890 at Valley Junction (West Des Moines, Ia.) d at Los Angeles, Calif, in early 1960's md ca 1920 at Los Angeles, Marion E. Woods b St. Johnsbury, Vt. d November 19, 1966 at Torrance, Calif. Both are buried at Gardena, Calif.
2.Freda Mabel Brown b 28 July 1892 at Valley Junction (West Des Moines, Ia.) d 25 Aug 1969 at Gardena, Calif, buried in Roosevelt Cemetery md Sept 1919 at Sioux City, Ia., Clarence James Hamilton b 20 May 1886 at Sioux City, Ia. son of Charles C. and Lyda B. (DuBois) Hamilton d 26 Apr 1935 at Sioux City, Ia. They had the following children:
1.Lila Jane Hamilton b 3 Aug 1920 at Sioux City, Ia. md 5 Sept 1950 Richard Howland Finne b 21 Nov 1924 at Onawa, Ia. d 2 Jan 1965 at Torrance, Calif. Lila Jane and Richard Finne had two sons:
1.John Howland Finne b 16 Jan 1957 at Inglewood, Calif, and
2.Richard Frost Finne b 19 Apr 1959 at Torrance, Calif.
2.Jack Cornell Hamilton b 17 Apr 1923 at Sioux City, Ia. d 30 Jan 1948 at Los Angeles, Ca. md 8 June 1946 at Los Angeles, Ca. Dorothy Stevens. There were no children.
3.Emma Florence Cornell b 1 Sept 1861 at Bristow, Butler, Ia. d 14 July 1932 at Clarinda, Ia. (believed to be buried at Truro, Ia. but if not at Des Moines, Ia. with husband) md 15 May 1881 Ira Strait b 20 Jan 1860 at Kanakee Co., Ill. son of George W. Strait d 14 Apr 1904 at Des Moines, Ia. They had the following children:
1.George D. Strait b ca 1882 d May 1903 (age 21) unmarried.
2.Dessie Strait who d as a young woman, unmarried.

Lenore Dayse Cornell (the Cornell Bible gives the spelling as Leenorah. The family called her "Daise" but when she came to Calif, she changed her name to Dorothy) b 27 Nov 1877 at Springville, Linn, Ia. d 21 Apr 1931 at Los Angeles, Calif, md (1) Robert A. Gillespie in Los Angeles but there were no children. Md (2) William Jenning Caskey. They had a dau Hazelle Mildred Caskey b 21 Apr 1897 at Springville, Ia. md in Los Angeles Carl Bohrman and they had a dau Betty Bohrman b ca 1918-20 at Los Angeles and she md ca 1940 Rolland Eidem. [23]



February 14, 1859: Oregon joins the Union as the thirty-third state.[24]



February 14, 1861: The election of delegates to the Virginia convention occurred on February 4, 1861, the day this letter was written. The Virginia convention convened on February 14, with a clear majority for Union for existing causes. As late as April 4, 1861 a motion to draw up an ordinance of secession was voted down, 88 to 45. [25]



February 14, 1862: Gravestone Inscriptions as copied in old Crawford Cemetery by H, Margorie Crawford, September 4, 1949:

1. All on one big stone which has fallen over:

Jno. Crawford, died September 22, 1816. Aged 66 1/3 years.

Effy Crawford, died November 22, 1822

Hannah P. Crawford, died July 16, 1826

Moses Crawford, died 1808

Sarah Rowland, late Sarah Crawford, died----

Thomas, son of Sarah Rowland, died---



2. Near the first stone and still standing:



William Rowland, born December 25, 1775, died November 27, 1856.



3. Some distance from the first two markers:

Infant, February 15, 1865, February 28, 1865

Infant, February 14, 1862, February 20, 1862.

Sons of C. and M. Taylor. [26]



Sun. February 14[27][28], 1864

At soldiers home yet

Saw a gun boat[29] come in – 70[30] on board with small pox walked down to river coming back saw two iresh women quarrel[31]



February 14, 1874: Paula Gottliebova nee Fuchsova was born in Czechoslovakia on February 14, 1874 to Abraham and Rosa nee Kohn. She was a housewife and married to Daniel. Prior to WWII whe lived in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia. Deported on transport Bw arrived at Terezin (Theresienstadt) from the Czech Republic on transport Bw1968 on October 19, 1942. According to this source she survived to be liberated.[32] According to testimony given by an extended family member in Yad Vashem she died in 1942 at Treblinka.



The extermination process in Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka (located in the far east of Poland near the borders with Byelorussia and Ukraine) was similar to the “well tried” method used in the six euthanasia killing centers in Germany and Austria”. As a guise the victims were told that they were being transported east for resettlement and work. Upon arrival at the centers the following procedures were used;



Deception (“You must get a shower in the bathroom!”).

Handing over the valuables (enrichment for the German Reichsbank).

Undressing (realization of the clothings and finding of hidden jewelry).

Cooping up the victims in the gas chamber (as narrow as possible to minimize the air volume).

Use of carbon monoxide gas (CO) (dischards through the gaspipes.)[33]



Paula Gottliebova, February 14, 1874, Bw- October 19, 1942. OSVOBOZENI SE DOZILI[34] Treblinka Transport BW-1968, from Terezin, October 19, 1942:







February 14, 1878: On board Convoy 59, on September 2, 1943 was Chila Gotlib, born January 1, 1883 from Seidlitz, and Malka Gotlib, born February 14, 1878 from Varsovie. (Warsaw, Poland.)[35]



. February 14, 1884: Anna Coleman STEPHENSON. Born on February 14, 1884 in Chariton County, Missouri. Anna Coleman died in Kelso, Washington on November 1, 1960; she was 76. Buried on November 5, 1960 in Cowlitz View Memorial Garden Cemetery, Kelso, Washington.



On December 25, 1901 when Anna Coleman was 17, she married Edward Franklin SHANNON. Born on January 1, 1882 in Bosworth, Chariton County, Missouri. Edward Franklin died in Washington on September 28, 1972; he was 90.



They had the following children:

i. Rector F. (1903-1954)

ii. Agnes Tressa (1904-1989)

iii. Hattie Coleman (1906-1981)

iv. Ned Jay (1910-)

v. Gwendolyn (1912-)

vi. Anna Irene [5] (1916-2000)

vii. Hugh E. (1919-1973) [36]



February 14, 1912: Arizona is admitted to the Union becoming the 48th and last contiguous state to become on the United States.[37]



February 13, 2003: Genghis Khan a Prolific Lover, DNA Data Implies

Hillary Mayell
for National Geographic News

February 14, 2003

Genghis Khan, the fearsome Mongolian warrior of the 13th century, may have done more than rule the largest empire in the world; according to a recently published genetic study, he may have helped populate it too.

An international group of geneticists studying Y-chromosome data have found that nearly 8 percent of the men living in the region of the former Mongol empire carry y-chromosomes that are nearly identical. That translates to 0.5 percent of the male population in the world, or roughly 16 million descendants living today.

The spread of the chromosome could be the result of natural selection, in which an extremely fit individual manages to pass on some sort of biological advantage. The authors think this scenario is unlikely. They suggest that the unique set of circumstances surrounding the establishment of the Mongol empire led to the spread.

"This is a clear example that culture plays a very big role in patterns of genetic variation and diversity in human populations," said geneticist Spencer Wells, one of the 23 co-authors of the paper. "It's the first documented case when human culture has caused a single genetic lineage to increase to such an enormous extent in just a few hundred years."

Legacy of Genghis Khan

To have such a startling impact on a population required a special set of circumstances, all of which are met by Genghis Khan and his male relatives, the authors note in the study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics.

Khan's empire at the time of his death extended across Asia, from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea. His military conquests were frequently characterized by the wholesale slaughter of the vanquished. His descendants extended the empire and maintained power in the region for several hundred years, in civilizations in which harems and concubines were the norm. And the males were markedly prolific.

Khan's eldest son, Tushi, is reported to have had 40 sons. Documents written during or just after Khan's reign say that after a conquest, looting, pillaging, and rape were the spoils of war for all soldiers, but that Khan got first pick of the beautiful women. His grandson, Kubilai Khan, who established the Yuan Dynasty in China, had 22 legitimate sons, and was reported to have added 30 virgins to his harem each year.

"The historically documented events accompanying the establishment of the Mongol empire would have contributed directly to the spread of this lineage," the authors conclude.

Tracking the Y-Chromosome

The study looked at blood samples collected over a period of ten years from more than 40 populations living in and around the former Mongol empire.

Geneticists use the Y-chromosome in population studies such as this because it doesn't recombine as other parts of the genome do. When it comes to eye color, or height, or resistance or susceptibility to particular diseases, each parent contributes half of a child's DNA, which join together to form a new genetic combination.

The Y-chromosome is passed on as a chunk of DNA from father to son, basically unchanged through generations except for random mutations.

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These random mutations, which happen naturally and are usually harmless, are called markers. Once the markers have been identified, geneticists can go back in time and trace them to the point at which they first occurred, defining a unique lineage of descent.

In this particular instance, the lineage originated 1,000 years ago. The authors aren't saying that the genetic mutations defining the lineage originated with Khan, who was born around 1162; they are more likely to have been passed on to him by a great great grandfather.

The lineage was found in only one population outside of the former Mongolian empire, in Pakistan.

"The Hazaras [of Pakistan] gave us our first clue to the connection with Genghis Khan," said Wells. "They have a long oral tradition that says they're his direct descendants."

Of course, the connection to Genghis Khan will never be a certainty unless his grave is found and his DNA could be extracted. Until then, geneticists will continue to seek out isolated populations in the hope of unraveling the mysteries of geographic origin and relatedness told by our genes. [38]








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[1] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history


[2] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=210&endyear=219


[3] The Gospel of Judas, NTGEO, 4/9/2006


[4] The Gospel of Judas, NTGEO, 4/09/2006




[5] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[6] Secrets of the Koran, 3/2/2006.


[7] mike@abcomputers.com


[8] mike@abcomputers.com


[9] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[10]


[11] History of the Jews of Strasbourg by Chief rabbi Max Warschawski.


[12] History of the Jews of Strasbourg by Chief rabbi Max Warschawski.


[13] History of the Jews of Strasbourg by Chief rabbi Max Warschawski.


[14] History of the Jews of Strasbourg by Chief rabbi Max Warschawski.


[15] History of the Jews of Strasbourg by Chief rabbi Max Warschawski.


[16] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[17] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[18] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[19]


[20] The Brothers Crawford


[21] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.



[22] Younger Family DNA Surname Project - Results




[23] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm


[24] On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[25] [A. L. S. Z. B. Vance Papers, State Department of Archives and History, Raleigh.]


[26] (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pge. 454.21)


[27] Valentine cards became popular in the United States during the Civiol War. Elabortate cards trimmed with satin ribbons, mother of pearl ornaments and spun glass were sold. Valentines for the soldiers and their sweethearts often depicted lovers parting or a tent with flaps thast opened to reveal a soldier. Another Vivil War valentine novelt was for the card to have a place for the sender to place a lock of hair. 2010 Civil Var Calendar.


[28] Union General William T. Sherman enters Meridian, Mississippi, during a winter campaign that served as a precursor to Sherman's "March to the Sea." This often-overlooked campaign was the first attempt by the Union at total warfare, a strike aimed not just at military objectives but also at the will of the southern people.

Sherman launched the campaign from Vicksburg, Mississippi, with the goal of destroying the rail center at Meridian and clearing central Mississippi of Confederate resistance. Sherman believed this would free additional Federal troops that he hoped to use on his planned campaign against Atlanta, Georgia, in the following months.

Sherman led 25,000 troops east from Vicksburg and ordered another 7,000 under General William Sooy Smith to march southeast from Memphis, Tennessee. They planned to meet at Meridian in eastern Mississippi. The Confederates had few troops with which to stop Sherman. General Leonidas Polk had less than 10,000 men to defend the state. Polk retreated from the capital at Jackson as Sherman approached, and some scattered cavalry units could not impede the Yankees' progress. Polk tried to block the roads to Meridian so the Confederates could move as many supplies as possible from the city's warehouses, but Sherman pushed into the city on February 14 in the middle of a torrential rain.

After capturing Meridian, Sherman began to destroy the railroad and storage facilities while he waited for the arrival of Smith. Sherman later wrote: "For five days, 10,000 men worked hard and with a will in that work of destruction...Meridian, with its depots, storehouses, arsenals, hospitals, offices, hotels, and cantonments no longer exists." Sherman waited until February 20 for Smith to arrive, but Smith never reached Meridian. On February 21, Confederate troops under General Nathan Bedford Forrest waylaid Smith at West Point, Mississippi, and dealt the Federals a resounding defeat. Smith returned to Memphis, and Sherman turned back towards Vicksburg.

Ultimately, Sherman failed to clear Mississippi of Rebels, and the Confederates repaired the rail lines within a month. Sherman did learn how to live off the land, however, and took notes on how to strike a blow against the civilian population of the South. He used that knowledge with devastating results in Georgia later that year. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sherman-enters-meridian-mississippi


[29] John Ericsson, a Swedish born inventor and engineer, responded to the U.S. government’s call for ironclacd designs with a concept for a turreted warship that was so advanced, it was rejected by the three naval officers charged with reviewing the missionsons. Only Ericsson’s spirited personal presentation reversed the review board’s decision. 2010 Civil War Calendar.


[30] …about 70 more recruits arrived here this morning and we were much crowded at breakfast. (Rollins Diary) http://ipserv2.aea14.k12.ia.us/iacivilwar/Resources/rollins diary.htm


[31] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeff Goodlove


[32] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy


[33] Deathcamps.org


[34] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy




[35] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 450.


[36] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf


[37] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[38] http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0214_030214_genghis_2.html